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RADT 465 Image Prod.
ARRT registry review covering image production content area.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is directly proportional to the number of x-ray photons delivered to the IR? | Intensity P. 306 |
| What is directly proportional to the number of x-ray photons delivered to the patient? | Dose P. 306 |
| Three things x-ray photons can do | Penetrate through the part, scatter within the part & be absorbed by the part. P. 310 |
| Filtration | Minimum 2.5-mm Al equivalent P. 317 |
| Examples of additive pathologies | Ascites, Pneumonia & Atelectasis P. 318 |
| Directly proportional to the intensity/exposure rate/number of x-ray photons produced | mAs P. 322 |
| This is used for anatomic parts having very different thickness/ absorption properties | Compensating filtration P. 326 |
| This determines grayscale | Bit depth P. 334 |
| High contrast is: | Short scale contrast; few, very different image/tissue densities P. 338 |
| Low contrast is: | Long scale contrast; many similar image/tissue densities P. 338 |
| The 2 different types of AECs | Phototimer & Ionization chamber P. 350 |
| What are some examples of destructive pathologic conditions? | Osteoporosis, emphysema & degenerative arthritis P. 351 |
| What improves digital image resolution? | Smaller pixel size, smaller pixel pitch & larger image matrix P. 357 |
| What increases CR resolution? | PSP phosphor size decreases, laser beam size decreases & monitor matrix size increases P. 357 |
| Image matrix size for nuclear medicine | 128x128 P. 357 |
| What affects spatial resolution? | OID, SID, focal spot size, patient factors & motion P. 358 |
| What are the two types of distortion? | Size distortion (magnification) & Shape distortion (elongation and foreshortening) P. 359 |
| Ways to minimize involuntary motion? | Short exposure times, part support & stabilization and special immobilization devices P. 367 |
| Ways to minimize voluntary motion? | Good communication and suspended respiration P. 367 |
| What are the rare earth phosphors? | Gadolinium, lanthanum & yttrium P. 370 |
| The system that the radiographer selects the anatomic part from the console menu? | APR P. 384 |
| The x-ray detection system that does not have a scintillation component is? | Direct DR P. 384 |
| Misalignment of the tube-part-IR relationship results in | Shape distortion P. 384 |
| Effects of scattered radiation on the x-ray image includes | Produces fog & decreases contrast resolution P. 385 |
| The use of optimum kV for small, medium, & large body parts is the premise of? | Fixed kV, variable mAs technique chart P. 385 |
| What information should be included on each x-ray image? | Patient name/ ID number, side marker, exam date & institutions name P. 390 |
| This reduces exposed silver bromide to black metallic silver | Developer P. 403 |
| The invisible latent image is converted into a visible manifest image in the | Developer P. 409 |
| A CR histogram is a graphic representation of | Grayscale values of the imaged part P. 409 |
| X-ray production | Brems (70-90%) and Characteristic (10-30%) P. 439 |
| A shorter wavelength is associated with? | Higher frequency, higher energy & increased ionizing potential P. 440 |
| X-ray photon interactions with matter | Coherent/Classical Scatter, Photoelectric Effect & Compton Scatter P. 441 |
| This changes mechanical energy into electrical energy | Generators P. 444 |
| Tungsten as a target material | High atomic number increases x-ray production, high melting point to resist pitting and cracking & thermal conductivity for heat dissipation P. 452 |
| The effective focal spot is always smaller than the actual focal spot | Line focus principle P. 455 |
| Difference between pixel & voxel | Pixel is two dimensional and voxel is third dimensional P. 466 |
| Minimum inches between the focal spot and tabletop for fluoroscopic equipment | 12 P. 481 |
| In the production of Bremsstrahlung radiation, the incident electron | Is deflected with resulting energy loss P. 500 |
| Image matrix size that will result in the best spatial resolution | 2,048x2,048 P. 500 |
| These circuit devices operate on the principle of self-induction | Autotransformer and Choke coil P. 500 |
| Focal spot size can be evaluated by using a | Slit camera P. 512 |
| What is recommended for cleaning PSPs | Anhydrous Ethanol P. 512 |
| This contributes to inherent filtration | Glass envelope & x-ray tube port window P. 512 |
| What can cause poor screen-film contact? | Damaged cassette frame, foreign body in cassette & warped cassette front P. 512 |
| DICOM | Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine P. 468 |
| The number of pixels in XY direction making up a digital image | Matrix P. 466 |
| Image matrix size used for chest radiography | 2,048x2,048 P.467 |
| Filtration Summary | 50-70 kV = 1.5-mm Al equivalent P. 456 |
| Safe x-ray tube limits are demonstrated with | Tube rating charts & anode cooling curves P. 457 |
| The anode is made of: | Graphite/Molybdenum disk with beveled edge. Tungsten/Rhenium alloy focal track. Molybdenum stem. P. 452 |
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