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Child Dev. Ch. 6
Vocabulary, Infant Physical and Brain Growth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pincer Grasp | An advanced form of grasping, acquired at around age 1, in which the thumb and the forefinger are used to hold small objects. |
| Normative Charts | Graphic representations of the stages or milestones children pass through as they develop. |
| Tracking | The ability to visually follow a moving object with one's eyes. Tracking becomes smoother and more accurate during the first 6 months of life. |
| Scanning | The visual ability to look over all the features of an object and to get a complete picture of what it is like. Babies become competent in scanning an entire object by 3 months of age. |
| Visual Cliff | A research apparatus designed to show that babies have depth perception. Babies are encouraged to crawl out over a clear plastic surface that appears to be a deep drop-off; if they do not, depth perception can be inferred. |
| Neurons | Cells in the brain that transmit and retrieve messages to and from all organs and muscles. |
| Dendrites | Elongate tissues on a neuron that receive messages from the axons of other nerve cells. |
| Axon | A long thread of tissue that extends from the cell body of a neuron and sends messages to the dendrites of other nerve cells. |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemicals secreted from neurons that are responsible for transmitting messages from one cell to another in the nervous system. |
| Synapse | A juncture between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another through which neural messages are transmitted. |
| Myelin | A fatty sheath that surrounds the axon and ensures that signals travel efficiently, quickly, and accurately. |
| Frontal Cortex | A region of the brain that develops rapidly at 8 months of age and is associated with the ability to express and regulate emotions. |
| Brain Lateralization | The organization of the brain into right and left hemispheres, with each hemisphere performing unique and specialized functions. |
| Super-Dense Infant Brain | The brain of the infant, which grows more rapidly and has more connections among nerve cells than an adult brain. |
| Cortisol | A hormone that increases in the body with stress and threatens infant brain development by reducing the number of synapses and leaving neurons vulnerable to damage. |
| Visual Impairment | A condition characterized by blindness or severely limited vision that can impair motor, cognitive, and other areas of development. |
| Hearing Impairment | A condition caused by a variety of factors that is characterized by deafness or severely limited auditory perception and can lead to language, motor and other developmental delays. |
| Total Communication | A system of communication in which manual signals, such as sign language, and informal gestures, and facial expressions, are used along with verbalizations to communicate with children with hearing impairment. |
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Twilights Dark Angel
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