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Child Dev. Ch. 4
Vocabulary, Genetics, Prenatal Dev. and Birth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ovum | The egg, contributed by the mother, that will grow into a developing human if fertilized by a sperm cell. |
| Genes | Segments of DNA molecules , passed along from parents to offspring, that determine the characteristics of a developing human. |
| DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) | Long, double stranded molecules that make up chromosomes. Genetic information is carried in DNA within cells. |
| Chromosomes | Chemical structures contained in the nucleus of all human cells that carry all the genetic information necessary for the development of a unique individual. |
| Meiosis | A special cell division process that leads to the formation of a father's sperm cell and a mother's ovum. |
| Zygote | A fertilized egg, resulting from the union of sperm and ovum at conception, that contains a full complement of 48 chromosomes. |
| Dominant Gene | A gene for one trait that overpowers a gene for an alternate trait. |
| Recessive Gene | A gene for one trait that is overpowered by an dominant gene for an alternate trait. A recessive gene expresses itself only when paired with another recessive gene. |
| Down Syndrome | A genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome, that can lead to mental retardation, heart problems, motor delays, and unique physical features such as reduced stature. |
| Fragile X Syndrome | A genetic condition, caused by a brittle or separated X chromosome, that can lead to mental retardation and infantile autism. |
| Rh Disease | A genetic condition caused by inheriting blood from the father that is incompativble with that of the mother, that can lead to anemia, jaundice, mental retardation and death. |
| Hemophilia | A genetically derived condition that limits blood clotting and can lead to internal bleeding. |
| Klinefelter's Syndrome | A genetically derived condition that can result in sterility, physical malformation, and mental health problems. |
| Sickle-Cell Anemia | A genetically derived condition, more common in African Americans, that causes severe pain, heart and kidney problems, and early death. |
| Thalassemia | A genetically derived blood disorder, more common in Asians, that causes damage to vital organs. |
| Cystic Fibrosis | A genetically derived enzyme disorder, more common in Pueblo Indians and Europeans, that causes mucus to form in the lungs and intestinal track. |
| Tay-Sachs Disease | A genetically derived enzyme, more common in Jews of eastern European descent, that causes deterioration of the brain and nervous system. |
| Prenatal Development | The development of the human organism after conception and before birth. |
| Period of the Ovum | The first period of prenatal development, during the first 2 weeks after conception, when the developing human is a rapidly going shapeless mass of specialized cells. |
| Period of the Embryo | The second period of prenatal development, from 2 to 8 weeks after conception, when all major organs and structures of the body are formed. |
| Placenta | A soft mass that allows the flow of nutrients from the mother to the embryo during prenatal development. |
| Umbilical Cord | A cord that transports nutrients from the mother to the fetus during prenatal development. |
| Amnion | A protective, fluid-filled sac that forms around the embryo during prenatal development. |
| Period of the Fetus | The third period of prenatal development, from 8 weeks after conception to birth, when there is rapid growth and continued development of organs. |
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) | A leading cause of death among infants in which a baby stops breathing without cause, usually at night. |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) | A condition caused by a mother's heavy drinking during pregnancy that can lead to nervous system impairment, mental retardation, hyperactivity, and deficiencies in weight, height, and brain size. |
| Labor | The process of giving birth, which occurs in three stages: dilation, birth of the baby, and expulsion of the placenta |
| Natural Childbirth | The process of giving birth in a comfortable, family-oriented, and nonmedical way while avoiding the use of drugs. |
| Midwives | Childbirth specialists--generally not relatives or doctors--who provide emotional and physical support to mother's during labor and delivery. |
Created by:
Twilights Dark Angel
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