Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PSYCH 107 Ch.1-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Master of the Hormonal Universe | pituitary gland |
| psychology | the study of human behavior and thought |
| about how old is psych? | 135 y/o |
| wilhelm wundt | german, FATHER OF PSYCH., Objective Introspection, 1st psych lab was in germany |
| objective introspection | process of objectively examining our own thoughts |
| edward titchener | wundt's student, STRUCTURALISM |
| structuralism | study of the mind's structure |
| margaret washburn | 1st woman w PhD in Psych |
| william james | influenced by DARWIN (natural selection), FUNCTIONALISM; emerged psych into world |
| functionalism | importance of consciousness in everyday life; how mind allows people to function |
| gestalt psych | german: an organized WHOLE, max wertheimer opposed structuralism bc mind can't be broken into bits & still be understood; ppl naturally seek patters (semi-circle = circle) |
| sigmund freud | psychoanalysis; austrian neurologist |
| psychoanalysis | unconscious mind is where ppl's repressed feelings are; importance of childhood; all behavior stems from unconsciousness; insight into own's behavior |
| anna freud | started EGO movement |
| erick erickson | personality psych |
| ivan pavlov | Russian physiologist; "CONDITIONED" reflex response (Dwight and Jim w the mints) |
| john b. wastson | FATHER OF BEHAVIORISM, all behavior is learned, focus only on observable behavior, phobias are due to underlying prob., LITTLE ALBERT |
| mary cover jones | LITTLE PETER-COUNTERCONDITIONED, student of watson, |
| goals of psych | 1.describe 2.explain 3.predict 4.control/change |
| Modern psych: psychodynamic perspective | freud; unconscious mind + childhood over conscious behavior; less emphasis on sex and more on self |
| Modern psych: behavioral perspective | behaviorism; operant conditioning = behaviors that result in something pleasurable (ex. baby cries = gets mom's attention) |
| Modern psych: humanistic perspective | reaction to psychoanalytic and behaviorism; FREE WILL; self-actualization (reaching potential); humans inherently good |
| Modern psych: cognitive perspective | thoughts, memory, learning (1960s); supported by Gestalt psychs. |
| cognitive neuroscience | physical working of brain when thinking, learning, memorizing, etc. (PET, MRI,---Brain Imaging) |
| Modern psych: sociocultural perspective | social psych. + cultural psych |
| cross-culture research | how would other cultures react to same situation? |
| bystander effect | less likely to receive help when there are a lot of people around bc everyone feel someone else will help; DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY |
| Modern psych: biophysical perspective | biological bases in behavior & mental processes; hormones, traits, tumors, disease affect behavior |
| Modern psych: evolutionary perspective | biological bases for universal mental traits based on past survival |
| eclectic perspective | bits of all perspectives to fit the situation |
| Psych professions: psychologist | no med. training; PhD degree; possible but unusual to prescribe meds |
| Psych professions: psychiatrist | med. degree; + physician; diagnosis and treatment of psych. disorders; prescribes meds |
| Psych professions: psychiatric social worker | master's in social work; environments that can affect mental health (poverty, stress, drugs) |
| Research: basic research | for sake of gaining knowledge; ex. how much things a person can remember at one time |
| Research: applied research | using basic research info to solve real-world probs.; ex. memory experiment can be used to improve learning of students |
| Scientific Method | determine facts and reduce uncertainty & bias |
| Scientific Method: perceiving the QUESTION | what is happening? |
| Scientific Method: forming a HYPOTHESIS | tentative explanation |
| Scientific Method: TESTING the hypothesis | picking best method to test (survey, experiment, etc.) |
| confirmation bias | seeing what you want to see so your hypothesis is correct |
| Scientific Method: drawing CONCLUSIONS | predicting; if hypothesis is correct, educated predictions about future similar cases can be made |
| Scientific Method: REPORT results | control bases on findings; report whether wrong or correct |
| Descriptive Method: naturalistic | watch animals/ppl in NATURAL ENVIRONMENT |
| Descriptive Method: lab | CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT |
| Descriptive Method: case study | individual is studied w great DETAIL; susceptible to bias from conductor; may not work on other cases |
| Descriptive Method: | surveys |
| courtesy bias | giving answer that is polite or socially acceptable |
| observer bias | presence of observer can cause changes in subjects' behavior; observer may only see what it wants to see |
| operational definition | defines how to measure variable that is being observed |
| how to fix confounding variables | control group |
| experimenter effect | (like observer bias); may give subjects clues to what they are receiving thru tone, body lang., eye contact, etc. |
| animal research | easier to control, shorter lifespans, simpler behavior, only 7% of all psych studies |
| parent disciplines of psychology | philosophy and biology |
| cerebral cortex | outer brain; largest portion of brain; complex thoughts |
| corpus callosum | unites L and R Hems. of brain |
| cerebellum | controls balance and muscle coord. |
| pons | connects lower brain to upper brain |
| reticular formation (RF) | network of neurons running thru medulla & pons; allows ppl to ignore constant noise & focus on new sounds; alertness; if affected comas result |
| medulla | loc. @ top of S.C. & bottom of brain; controls life-sustaining funct. (swallowing, breathing, heartbeat); sensory nerves from L&R part of body cross over in opp, dir. in brain |
| limbic system | below cortex; control ego., memory, motivation, & learning; include thalamus, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus |
| thalamus | processes sensory info before sending it to cortex sensory areas; *except SMELL info* |
| olfactory bulbs | smell neurons send info straight to here instead of thalamus |
| hypothalamus | very powerful; reg. T, thirst, hunger, sexual activity, sleeping and waking, & emo. ; controls pituitary gland = hormones |
| hippocampus | "sea horse"; forms long-term memories |
| amygdala | "almond"; fear response and memory of fear; sensory info goes here before upper brain is involved |
| cingulate cortex | in cortex; emo. & cognitive processes |
| cortex | wrinkly; made of tightly packed neurons |
| corticalization | increase in wrinkling |
| contralateral organization | opposite sides of brain control opposite sides of body |
| bilaterally | info sent to both sides of brain |
| ipsilaterally | info sent to one part of brains |
| occipital lobe | processes visual info |
| parietal lobe (somatosensory cortex) | processes info from skin & internal body receptors for touch, T, and body position; TOP cells control LOWER body & LOW cells control UP body |
| temporal lobes | loc. at temples of head; HEARING info. and some visual |
| perseveration | making the same mistake or motion repeatedly due to frontal lobe damage |
| motor cortex | control body movements & laid out like somatosensory cortex (TOP to LOW; LOW to TOP) |
| broca's area | on L frontal lobe for most ppl and control the ability of SMOOTH TALKING |
| broca's aphasia | inability to produce words correctly |
| wernicke's aphasia | produce words correctly but the DONT MAKE SENSE |
| spatial neglect | ignoring a body side (usually on R side of brain = L side of body) bc of brain damage on opposite side of ignored body side |
| L Hem. | lang. in 90% of pop.; STRUCTURALIST |
| cerebrum | upper brain including L&R Hems. + structures connect. them |
| R Hem. | GESTALTIST (WHOLE) |
| synesthesia | relating sounds, words, colors with rates and textures |
| transduction | external stimuli into neural activity |
| difference threshold | smallest diff. noticeable 50% of the time |
| absolute threshold | smallest level of stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time (Gustav Fechner) |
| habituation | ignoring constant info (ex. noise); still responding to stimuli |
| sensory adaptation | ignoring constant info; LESS responsive to stimuli |
| brightness | depends on AMPLITUDE |
| color | depends on WAVELENGTH |
| saturation | depends on how many WAVELENGTHS INVOLVED: HUES |
| rods | night vision; black & white & grey; peripheral vision |
| cones | day vision; color |
| retina | responsible for light absorption |
| fovea | cones only; no rods |
| cones vs rods | cones adapt to light faster than rods do to darkness |
| trichromatic theory | red cones, green cones, blue cones for color vision |
| opponent process theory | RG, BlueY are opponents; stimulated color suppresses the partner |
| males | more likely to inherit color blindness |
| timbre (tamber) | richness of tone/sound |
| pinna | visible, outer ear |
| middle ear | ossicles; hammer, anvil, stirrup; smallest bones of body |
| inner ear | cochlea |
| place theory | loc. of hair cells; closer to cochlea = high pitch; further to cochlea = low pitch; WORKS FOR HIGH PITCH |
| frequency theory | basilar membrane speed; faster = high pitch; lower = low pitch; WORKS FOR LOW PITCH |
| volley principle | groups of neurons responsible for certain set of frequencies |
| smell | 90% of taste |
| gustation | sense of taste |
| five basic tastes | sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami |
| umami | glutamate |
| somesthetic senses | body senses - TOUCH |
| skin senses | touch, pressure, temp., and pain |
| kinesthetic sense | knowing loc. of body parts in relation to others |
| vestibular sense | body position & movements; inner ear chamber |
| gate control theory | pain signal must pass a "gate" in S.C. and "gate" can be closed by non pain signals |
| substance P | (pain) NT that increases intensity of pain signal |
| endorphins | decrease pain intensity by reducing or blocking substance P |
| sensory conflict theory | motion sickness |
| size constancy | knowing objects will remain same size; getting smaller = further away |
| shape constancy | knowing objects will remain same shape regardless of its angle (rectangle door slowly opening) |
| brightness constancy | knowing objects will remain same brightness regardless of light amount (shiny car in daylight is still shiny car in dark even if shine can't be seen) |
| linear perspective | parallel lines seem to converge in distance |
| relative size | smaller = further |
| overlap/ interposition | object blocked by another object is further away and behind it |
| aerial perspective | things further away look fuzzier |
| texture gradient | objects nearer are seen in greater detail than further away objects |
| motion parallax | closer objects seem to move faster; further objects seem to move slower |
| accommodation | eye (lens) change to objects that a re further or closer to see better |
| convergence | crossing of eyes |
| disparity | bc eyes are apart they don't see same exact image |
| autokinetic effect | seeing still light in dark room as moving |
| stroboscopic effect | seeing fast moving still pics as moving (motion picture) |
| phi phenomenon | seeing diff. lights turn on and off in sequence a one moving/ traveling light |
| top-down processing | using info already in brain to solve something |
| bottom-up processing | having no previous info so doing it bit by bit; unknown |
Created by:
daisy98
Popular Psychology sets