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pharmaco mid
pharmacolody Midterm
| Group | Drugs | Actions | Adverse Effect | herbs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cholinergic agonists | 1.Betanechol 2.Pilocarpine | Act like Acetylcholine | HA, Urinary urgency, nausea, diaphoresis, miosis, hypotension, salivation, flushing, abdm pain, cramps, Brocospasm, diarrhea | Gan Cao - tx overdose by increasing metabolism of drugs |
| anticholinesterases | 1.Neostigmine 2.Galantamine, Denezepil, Tacine, Rivastigmine | Prevent breakdown of Acetylocholine | HA, Urinary urgency, nausea, diaphoresis, miosis, hypotension, salivation, flushing, abdm pain, cramps, Brocospasm, diarrhea | - |
| Antimuscarinic Agents | 1.Atropine 2.Scopolamine | blocking Agents | common side effect blurr vision, confusion, drowsiness, mydraisis, constipation, dry mouth, tychycardia, restlessness, HA & urinary retension Scopolamine - cuz memory declin, amnesia | Fu ling, Ren Shen, dang gui, Shi chang Pu, Yuan Zhi - help when memory is impaired due to Scopolamine |
| Adrenergic | 1.albuterol 2.Ephedrine 3.Epinephrine 4.Clonidine 5.Amphetamine | many used to tx Asthma & are inhaled to maximize effect. other drug used for HTN | - | Gan Cao - reduce effect of antihypertensive Ma HUang - cuation HTN patients San Qi, Xi Yang Shen - increase BP Chen Pi, Qing Pi, Zie Ke, Zhi Shi - cuation those take antiHTN, Antidiabetic, antiHypertyriod, antisiezure |
| Alpha Adrenergic blocking Agents | 1.Prazosin, Minipress | used in mild to moderate HTN | long term cuz persistent mental lassitude, impaired mental concentration, nightmare, mental depression, vertigo, extrapyramidal, increase prolactin secretion | Gan Cao - reduce effect of drugs |
| Beta Adrenergic blocking Agents | 1.Atenol 2.Metoprolol 3.Propranolol | used for numerouse purpose mainly for HTN | arrythmias sudden stop, sexual impairment, metabolic disturbance such as reduce glycogenolysis & glucagon secretion w/ can cuz fasting hypoglycemia, col extremity, fatigue, insomnia, nightmare, depression, sysmtom of peripheral vascular dz or cuz Reynaud' | Ma HUang - hypertensive itself Sheng ma - good for antihypertensive |
| Muscle Relaxants(spasmolytics) | 1.Carisoprolol(soma) 2.Diazepam(Valium) 3.Cyclobenzarpine hydrochloride(Flexeril) 4.Chlorphenesin(maleate) 5.Orphenadrine(Norf | - | - | - |
| Drugs for Parkinson's Dz | 1.Amantadine 2.Bromocriptine 3.Levodopa | it cuz by degeneration of Dopamine producing celles primaly in substantia nigra & other areas of brain stem & basal nuclei w/ aid in moto movement | too much activate CNS dopamine receptor may includ visual & aucultatory hallucination dyskinesia Levadopa increase intaocular pressure not use in patient w/ Glaucoma, exacerbate Phychotic Patient | Ma huang - increase toxic of this drug |
| Anxiolytic & Hypnotic Drugs(Sedative) | 1.Alprazolam(Xanax) 2.Chlordiazepoxide(Librium) 3.Diazepam(Valium) 4.Lorazepam(Ativan) | help depression from unknown source, help sympathetic involve symtom such as tachycardia, palpitation, sweating, trembling, overcome insomnia | *Psychological & physical dependence, tolerance, withdrawal | Chen Pi, qing Pi, Zhi Ke, Zhi Shi- cuation antisiezure Bai He - increase sleeping time induce by barbiturate |
| Antipressants | TCA's-tricyclic/polycyclic 1.Amitriptylin 2.Clomipramine 3.Imipramine 4.Nortriptyline(Pamalor) | depression - mood disorder, diminish interest usual activities, hoplessness, though of death, anhedonia, loss of libido | 1.Sedation, sleepiness, synergistic effect w/ other sedative drug 2.Sympathimymetic like temor, insomnia 3.Antimuscarinic like blurr vision, confusion, constipation, urinary hesitancy 4.Cardiovascular like *cardiac overstimulation most common in elderl | Rou Cong Rong - interact w/ antipressant by increasing activity of this drug |
| Antipressants Slective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors | 1.Fluoxetine(Prozac) 2.Paroxetine(Paxil) | Depression, panic Disorder, PTSD, social anxiety disorder, obaessive compulsive disorder & pain | Insomnia, tremor, GI symptom, decrease libido, sexual dysfunction, acute anxiety *Cardiac overstimulate | Guan Ye Lian Qiao, Yin Guo Ye when use w/ Buspirone/Fluoxetine may cuz hypomania |
| Neuroleptic/Antipsychotic Drugs | 1.Clozapine(Clozaril) | antischizophrenic, major tranquilizer, psychotic state, also tx delirium & manic state | parkinsonian symtom, tardive dyskinesia, blurr vision, dry mouth, sedation, confusion, drownsy, lower BP | Caution when use - Bing Lang, Da fuPi, man Jing Zi |
| Mood Stabilizers, drugs for Mania | 1.Lithium Carbonate(Eskalith) 2.Carbamazepine(Tegretol) | period at least 1 week | 1.tremor2.decrese thyroid funct but the effect is reversible 3.polydipsia & polyuria are frequent reversible 4.edema due to Sodium retension 5. Transient eruption | Pu Gong Ying can worsed the Lithium toxic cuz this herb has diuretic effect |
| Opioid Analgesic & antagonists | 1.Phenanthrenes(Morphine) 2.Phenylheptylamines(Methadone) 3.Phenylpeperidines(Meperidine, demedrol) ---------- 1.Codeine 2.Tramadol ------- 1.Codeine/Acetaminophen(Tylenol w/ codeine) 2.Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen(Norcet, Vicodin) | similar to morphine for pain & anxiety relate to pain | Respiratory depression can cuz death in overdose, can cuz addition tolerance, withdrawal | - |
| Drugs Tx Epilepsy | 1.Phenytoin(Dilantin) 2.Carbamazepine(Tegretol) 3.Diazepam(Valium) 4.Lorazepam(Ativan) 5.Phenobarbital(Luminal Sodium) | prevent of seizures | Dilantin has dose side effect like Nystagmus, deplopia, ataxia, gingival hyper & Hirsuitism, Lymphadenopathy Tegretol- has side effect like Diplopia, ataxia, mild GI upset, unsteadiness, drownsy | Chen Pi, qing Pi, Zhi Ke, Zhi Shi- cuation |
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djraspberry
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