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Rad Proc
Radiographic Procedures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Each innominate bone of the hip consists of what three parts? | ilium, ischium and pubis Lange Q&A; pg 115 |
| What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body? | patella Lange Q&A; pg 112 |
| A tangential or "sunrise" view clearly demonstrates which bone? | patella Lange Q&A; pg 125 |
| What is the largest and strongest bone in the body? | femur Lange Q&A; pg 113 |
| Male or females have a narrower, vertical and heart shaped pelvis? | males Lange Q&A; pg 117 |
| Diarthrotic or synovial joints are | freely movable Lange Q&A; pg 92 |
| What four ways can bones be classified? | long, short, flat and irregular Lange Q&A; pg 94 |
| What are primary barriers? | protect from the useful beam Lange Q&A; pg 272 |
| What are secondary barriers? | protect from scattered and leakage radiation Lange Q&A; pg 272 |
| What is reproducibility? | a given group of exposure factors, output intensity must be consistent from one exposure to the next Lange Q&A; pg 262 |
| What is linearity? | output intensity must be constant when adjacent when mA stations are used, with exposure times adjusted to maintain the same mAs; any variation in output intensity must not exceed 10% Lange Q&A; pg 262 |
| True or False: grids reduce the radiographic image by reducing the amount of scattered radiation fog. | false; grids improves the radiographic image by reducing the amount of scattered radiation fog Lange Q&A; pg 263 |
| What is roentgen? | measures ionization in air, measures x- or gamma radiation only, is valid up to 3, in air Lange Q&A; pg 281 |
| Rad = | Gray Lange Q&A; pg 281 |
| Rem = | Sievert Lange Q&A; pg 281 |
| Inflammation of a joint. | Arthritis Lange Q&A; pg 93 |
| The most common type of arthritis is? | Osteoarthritis Lange Q&A; pg 93 |
| Palmar surface parallel to IR, OID is increased. Perpendicular to the MCP. | Pa thumb Lange Q&A; pg 103 |
| Surface adjacent to the IR, fingers elevated and resting on a sponge. Perpendicular to the MCP. Projection of first digit, three articulations should be seen: CMC, CMP and IPJ. | lateral thumb Lange Q&A; pg 103 |
| Elbow flexed 90 degrees, ulnar surface down, radius and ulna superimposed. Perpendicular to midcarpal region. Carpals, superimposed proximal metacarpals, and distal radius and ulna. | Lateral Wrist Lange Q&A; pg 103 |
| Supinated and extended, epicondyles parallel to the IR, shoulder and elbow on the same plane. Perpendicular to midforearm. Radius and ulna, including wrist and elbow joints, arm must be supinated to avoid overlap of the radius and ulna. | AP forearm Lange Q&A; pg 105 |
| Flexed 90 degrees, epicondyles perpendicular to IR, forearm/wrist are lateral. Perpendicular to elbow joint at epicondyles. Elbow joint, proximal radius/ulna, distal humerus; radial head partially superimposed on ulna, olecranon process | Lateral elbow Lange Q&A; pg 105 |
| Arm extended and supinated; epicondyles perpendicular to IR. Perpendicular to midhumerus. Humreus, includes shoulder and elbow joints, greater tubercle in profile, epicondyles parallel to IR. | AP humerus Lange Q&A; pg 105 |
| Arm extended, elbow slightly flexed, back of hand against thigh. Perpendicular to coracoid process; internal rotation: lateral of humerus, shows lesser tubercle in profile. | AP shoulder Lange Q&A; pg 106 |
| Affected shoulder centered with MCP 60 degrees to IR. Perpendicular to should joint. Oblique shoulder; good for demonstration of dislocations. | PA oblique scapular Y shoulder Lange Q&A; pg 106 |
| Patient recumbent or erect; center affected clavicle to IR; less OID in PA projection. Perpendicular to midshaft. Entire length of clavicle and articulations best done PA erect or AP recumbent for patient comfort. | AP or PA clavicle Lange Q&A; pg 108 |
| Patient prone, leg rotated 5-10 degrees laterally; CR perpendicular to patella; patella including knee joint. | PA patella Lange Q&A; pg 125 |
| Patient supine, sagittal plane 2'' medial to ASIS, no pelvic rotation, leg rotated 15 degrees internally; CR to sagittal plane 2'' medial to ASIS at level of greater trochanter; hip joint, femoral neck & proximal femur. | AP Hip Lange Q&A; pg 126 |
| An undisplaced fracture. | Simple fracture Lange Q&A; pg 131 |
| Fractured end of bone has penetrated skin. | Compound fracture Lange Q&A; pg 131 |
| Break of cortex on one side of bone only; found in infants and children. | Greenstick fracture Lange Q&A; pg 131 |
| Response to repeated strong, powerful force. | Stress/fatigue frature Lange Q&A; pg 131 |
| Long fracture encircling a shaft, result of torsion. | Spiral Lange Q&A; pg 132 |
| An exaggerated thoracic curve is | Kyphosis Lange Q&A; pg 133 |
| Fracture of the distal tibia and fibula with dislocation of the ankle joint. | Potts Fracture Lange Q&A; pg 132 |
| Lateral curvature of the spine is | Scoliosis Lange Q&A; pg 133 |
| Patient supine, MSP perpendicular to the table, 15-20 degree cephalad to thyroid cartilage; Lower 5 cervical and intervertebral disk spaces. | AP cervical spine Lange Q&A; pg 137 |
| Patient left lateral recumbent; midaxillary line centered to grid, CR 5-8 degrees caudad to L3; vertebral bodies, interspaces, intervertebral foramina, spinous processes. | Lateral lumbar Lange Q&A; pg 141 |
| Patient supine or erect, MSP perpendicular to midline of table' top of IR 1'' above shoulder; CR perpendicular to IR, about T7; upper posterior ribs. | AP ribs Lange Q&A; pg 148 |
| Fracture of C2, with anterior subluxation of C2 on C3, result of forceful hyperextension. | Hangman Fracture Lange Q&A; pg 151 |
| Especially of spongy (cancellous) bone; diminished thickness or width as a result of compression type force. | Compression fracture Lange Q&A; pg 151 |
| Fracture of the orbital floor as a result of a direct blow. | Blowout fracture Lange Q&A; pg 151 |
| What are the facial bones? | 2 nasal, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, 2 zygomatic/malar, 2 maxillae, 1 vomer, 1 mandible Lange Q&A; pg 154 |
| Patient PA, nose and forehead on table; CR perpendicular to the lips; body and rami of mandible. | PA mandible Lange Q&A; pg 161 |
| Patient AP supine or erect; CR enters at level of EAM, expose on slow nasal inspiration; air-filled nasopharynx/upper airway. | inspiration; air-filled nasopharynx/upper airway. (Lange Prep, p. 166) AP upper airway Lange Q&A; pg 166 |
| Binds jejunum and ileum to posterior abdominal wall, fan-shaped | Mesentery Lange Q&A; pg 179 |
| Binds transverse and sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal wall. | Mesocolon Lange Q&A; pg 179 |
| What arteries supply the brain? | Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries Lange Q&A; pg 204 |
| Oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart is pumped to the body tissues then back to the right side of the heart. | Systemic circulation Lange Q&A; pg 204 |
| Deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart is directed to the lungs for oxygenation then to the left side of the heart. | Pulmonary circulation Lange Q&A; pg 204 |
| hat encloses the heart and roots of the great vessels? | Pericardium Lange Q&A; pg 202 |
| The heart wall is made of what three layers? | Epicardium, myocardium and endocardium Lange Q&A; pg 202 |
| Patient supine; CR to level of crest; kidneys, liver, spleen, psoas muscles, calcifications/masses. | AP abdomen Lange Q&A; pg 182 |
| What are the three parts of the stomach? | Fundus, body, pylorus Lange Q&A; pg 179 |
| pright or recumbent; Centered with arm abducted and elbow flexed. Perpendicular to midscapula, about 2" iinferior to coracoid process. Portion away from ribs; exposure made during quite breathing to blur lung markings | AP scapula Lange Q&A; pg 108 |
| Leg extended no pelvic rotation, foot dorsiflexed, CR perpendicular to midshaft tibia; lower leg, both joints should be included. | AP lower leg (tibia/fibula) Lange Q&A; pg 123 |
| Patient erect against upright bucky, weight evenly on legs; perpendicular CR midway between knees at level of patellar apices; knee joints - arthritic evaluation. | AP weight bearing bilateral knees Lange Q&A; pg 124 |
| The neural/vertebral arch supports? | 2 superior articular processes, 2 inferior articular processes, 2 transverse processes, and 1 spinous process. Lange Q&A; pg 133 |
| Patient supine; 15-25 cephalad to midline, midway between pubic symphysis and ASIS; sacrum. | AP sacrum Lange Q&A; pg 143 |
| Rotate medially 30 degree, plantar surface and IR form 30 degree angle, perpendicular to base of 3rd metatarsal; most tarsals, metatarsals and articulations, sinus tarsi, tuberosity of 5th metatarsal. | Medial oblique foot Lange Q&A; pg 119 |
| Leg extended, plantar surface perpendicular to IR; Cr perpendicular midway between malleoli through tibiotalar joint; ankle joint, distal tibia/fibula, talus | AP ankle Lange Q&A; pg 122 |
| Turn to side that brings affected toes closest to IR; unaffected toes taped back. Perpendicular to proximal IPJ. Projection of toes and articulations. | Lateral toes Lange Q&A; pg 119 |
| Patella perpendicular to tabletop, foot slightly dorsiflexed with plantar surface parallel to IR; perpendicular to metatarsal bases; foot and ankel joint, distal tibia and fibula; superimposed tarsals, tibia and fibula. | Lateral knee Lange Q&A; pg 119 |
| Leg extended, foot dorsiflexed, plantar surface perpendicular; Joint stressed in inversion; joint stressed in eversion; CR perpendicular to midway between malleoli; ankle joint: inversion and eversion: separated joint or torn ligament | AP stress view ankle Lange Q&A; pg 122 |
Created by:
blbrown1
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