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amphetamine for bio

amphetamine for biology of drugs

QuestionAnswer
T or F: amphetamine is a stimulant True
T or F: both cocaine and amphetamie stimulate the sympathetic nervous system True
Sympathetic Nervous System is associated with _____-or-______ responses Fight, Flight
T or F: ampheatime increases the same neurotrasmitters cocaine does True
Amphetamines increase the brain levels of which 3 neurotrasmitters? Dopamine, NE, Serotonin
Significance of increased levels of dopamine? Euphoria
Significance of increased levels of norepinephrine? sympathetic nervous system effects: increased heart rate, increased respiration rate, increased blood pressure, pupil dilation, etc.
Significance of increased levels of serotonin? Alters mood
How do amphetamines increase neurotrasmitters levels differently than cocaine? In addition to blocking reuptake like cocaine, the primary mechanism of amphetamines is to increase the release of those NTs.
T or F: amphetamine is metabolized in the liver, just like cocaine FALSE
Where is amphetamine metabolized? the bloodstream (but only partially metabolized)
T or F: continued amphetamine use can damage dopamine-containing neurons such as the substantia nigra True
Substantia Nigra part of the basal ganglia, it is a brain structure involved in dopamine, addiction, and movement
Parkinson’s disease movement disorder caused by dopamine depletion in the substantia nigra
Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease muscle rigidity, difficulty starting/stopping movements, slow/shuffling gait, “masked unexpressive face,” resting tremors, “pill rolling”
Explain connection between amphetamine abuse and Parkinson’s disease amphetamine abuse can "exhaust" the substantia nigra, rendering it unable to make dopamine, causing symptoms of Parkinson’s
Low doses of amphetamine increased social activity and energy
Psychological effects of amphetamine aggression, appetite suppression
How does chemical structure of methamphetamine compare to amphetamine? methamphetamine is amphetamine with a methyl group (CH3) attached
What is the effect of adding the methyl group to amphetamine? Allows more of the drug to cross the blood-brain barrier
What are the 2 forms of methamphetamine? d- and l-
Speed mixture of d- and l- forms
Crank d- form only
Which OTC drugs are used to make methamphetamine? ephedrine or pseudoephedrine
Psychological effects of methamphetamine? similar to amphetamine
Half-life of methamphetamine 9 to 15 hours
From which plant are ephedrine and pseudoephedrine extracted? Ephedra aka Ma Huang
Created by: jondoh
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