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amphetamine for bio
amphetamine for biology of drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T or F: amphetamine is a stimulant | True |
| T or F: both cocaine and amphetamie stimulate the sympathetic nervous system | True |
| Sympathetic Nervous System is associated with _____-or-______ responses | Fight, Flight |
| T or F: ampheatime increases the same neurotrasmitters cocaine does | True |
| Amphetamines increase the brain levels of which 3 neurotrasmitters? | Dopamine, NE, Serotonin |
| Significance of increased levels of dopamine? | Euphoria |
| Significance of increased levels of norepinephrine? | sympathetic nervous system effects: increased heart rate, increased respiration rate, increased blood pressure, pupil dilation, etc. |
| Significance of increased levels of serotonin? | Alters mood |
| How do amphetamines increase neurotrasmitters levels differently than cocaine? | In addition to blocking reuptake like cocaine, the primary mechanism of amphetamines is to increase the release of those NTs. |
| T or F: amphetamine is metabolized in the liver, just like cocaine | FALSE |
| Where is amphetamine metabolized? | the bloodstream (but only partially metabolized) |
| T or F: continued amphetamine use can damage dopamine-containing neurons such as the substantia nigra | True |
| Substantia Nigra | part of the basal ganglia, it is a brain structure involved in dopamine, addiction, and movement |
| Parkinson’s disease | movement disorder caused by dopamine depletion in the substantia nigra |
| Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease | muscle rigidity, difficulty starting/stopping movements, slow/shuffling gait, “masked unexpressive face,” resting tremors, “pill rolling” |
| Explain connection between amphetamine abuse and Parkinson’s disease | amphetamine abuse can "exhaust" the substantia nigra, rendering it unable to make dopamine, causing symptoms of Parkinson’s |
| Low doses of amphetamine | increased social activity and energy |
| Psychological effects of amphetamine | aggression, appetite suppression |
| How does chemical structure of methamphetamine compare to amphetamine? | methamphetamine is amphetamine with a methyl group (CH3) attached |
| What is the effect of adding the methyl group to amphetamine? | Allows more of the drug to cross the blood-brain barrier |
| What are the 2 forms of methamphetamine? | d- and l- |
| Speed | mixture of d- and l- forms |
| Crank | d- form only |
| Which OTC drugs are used to make methamphetamine? | ephedrine or pseudoephedrine |
| Psychological effects of methamphetamine? | similar to amphetamine |
| Half-life of methamphetamine | 9 to 15 hours |
| From which plant are ephedrine and pseudoephedrine extracted? | Ephedra aka Ma Huang |
Created by:
jondoh
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