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Cocaine for Bio
Cocaine for Biology of Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Effect of cocaine on the CNS? | Stimulant |
| Name some effects that result from cocaine stimulating the sympathetic nervous system | increased heart rate, sweating, dilated pupils, etc. |
| How did the natives in S. America use the leaves of the coca plant? | They chewed it |
| Faster rate of absorption: chewing coca leaves or smoking crack? | smoking crack |
| Shorter duration of effects: chewing coca leaves or smoking crack? | smoking crack |
| More extreme effects: chewing coca leaves or smoking crack? | smocking crack |
| T or F: addiction is more likely the faster the onset, the higher the intensity the effect, and the shorter the duration of effect | True |
| T or F: cocaine was once a key ingredient in popular drinks such as Coca-Cola and Vin Mariani | True |
| Does cocaine cross the blood-brain barrier? | Yes |
| Medical use for cocaine | local anesthetic with vasoconstriction |
| Describe cocaine’s mechanism of action as a local anesthetic | Blocks sodium ion channels, preventing the influx of sodium ions needed to depolarize the cell. Action potential cannot be generated. No message can be transmitted. |
| When were the 2 sharp spikes in usage during the past 100 years? | 1920s and 1980s |
| What percentage of users become addicted? | 15-20% |
| What are the relapse rates for recovering addicts? | 50-90% |
| What causes the feelings of euphoria? | Increased levels of dopmine |
| How does cocaine increase levels of dopamine? | it blocks re-uptake into the pre-synaptic vesicle by blocking the dopamine transporter |
| Cocaine blocks the re-uptake of which 3 neurotransmitters? | dopamine, NE, and serotonin |
| How many stages of cocaine overdose are there? | 3 |
| OD Stage 1 | muscle twitching, vomiting, headaches, cold sweats |
| OD Stage 2 | seizures, rapid gasping breathing, drop in blood pressure |
| OD Stage 3 | paralysis, respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, fixed dilated pupils |
| Cocaethylene is the metabolite formed when cocaine is taken with which other drug? | Alcohol |
| How does cocaethylene compare to cocaine with regards to chemical structure and effects on the brain? | Effects on brain are the same; the chemical structure differs by one carbon atom |
| The effects of cocaine are __________ when taken with _______ because the resulting metabolite, cocaethylene, has similar effects on the brain | prolonged; alcohol |
| When did crack use become widespread? | @ 1985 |
| Describe cocaine’s naturally occurring form and smokability | Cocaine HCl is an acid that is not smokeable |
| Crack = Cocaine HCl + _______ ___________ (baking soda) | sodium bicarbonate |
| Insufflation | the technical term for snorting |
| Psychological effects following a cocaine binge | depression, lack of motivation, paranoia |
| Some effects of cocaine use during pregnancy | increased risk for: low birth weight, premature delivery, miscarriage |
| T or F: some kids don’t seem to suffer any long term effects despite their mother’s cocaine use during pregnancy | True |
Created by:
jondoh
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