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PSYC UNIT 1 TST 2022
Mr. Stickler's Liberty Christian PSYCH Unit 1 Test Flashcards 2022
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the term "introspection" mean/ relate to? | This term means "a systematic examination of subjective mental experiences that requires people to inspect and report on the content of their thoughts". |
| What is one (1) of the major arguments of psychologists who follow the Functionalist viewpoint? | These psychologists believe that the mind helps humans adapt to environmental demands; helping to preserve human life & pass along genes. |
| What is one (1) of the major arguments of psychologists who follow the Evolutionary Theory (a branch of Functionalism)? | These psychologists believe that animal & human species change over time due to random genetic mutations, which improve their chances of survival. |
| What is one (1) of the major arguments of psychologists who follow the Gestalt Theory of psychology? | These psychologists believe that the "whole is different than the sum of its parts". In other words, the perception of objects is subjective & depends on context. |
| What is one (1) of the major arguments of psychologists who follow the Feminist Theory of psychology? | These psychologists believe that there are differences between the thoughts & behaviors of men and women; also, that these are due to both sociological & biological reasons. |
| According to Behaviorists, what should people study in order to determine the cause of certain behaviors? | These psychologists believe that environmental stimuli - or "triggers" - should be studied to discover these causes. |
| How did Psychoanalytic Theorist Sigmund Freud believe that the causes of human behavior could best be discovered? | He believed that "free association" - allowing patients to talk as long as they want about whatever they want to connect unconscious thoughts to behaviors - was the best way to do this. |
| What is one (1) of the major arguments that psychologists who follow the Cognitive Perspective? | These psychologists believe that the way that people interpret - and think about - situations can influence behavior. |
| What does the term "social psychology" mean/ relate to? | This term relates to the power of social situations and on the way people are shaped through their interactions with others. |
| What did Structural psychologist Edward Titchener believe would "provide the scientific basis for understanding the mind"? | This psychologist believed that understanding the basic elements of a person's conscious experiences would provide this. |
| What are the basic arguments behind the "nature/nurture" debate? | People who believe that a person's psychology is due to their genetic makeup belong to the "nature" side of the debate, while those who believe it is due to experiences & culture belong to the "nurture" side. |
| What are the three (3) goals of psychology? | These three (3) goals are: 1.) To understand mental activity; 2.) to understand social interactions, and; 3.) to discover why people behave they way they do. |
| What does the term "psychological science" mean/ relate to? | This term relates to the study of "mind, brain, and behavior". |
| Which psychologist is responsible for developing the "social psychology" approach? | Kurt Lewin is responsible for doing this. |
| What is the focus of the biological level of analysis? | The focus of this is brain systems, neurochemistry, & genetics. |
| What is the focus of the individual level of analysis? | The focus of this is individual differences, perception & cognition, & behavior. |
| What is the focus of the social level of analysis? | interpersonal behavior & social cognition. |
| What is the focus of the cultural level of analysis? | Thoughts, actions, behaviors - in different societies and cultural groups. |
| What do neuroscientists study? | These professionals are interested in examining how biological systems give rise to mental activity & behavior. |
| What do cognitive psychologists study? | These professionals are interested in cognition (i.e. thinking), perception, and action/behaviors. |
| What do developmental psychologists study? | These professionals are interested in studying how people change across the life span, from infancy to old age. |
| What do personality psychologists study? | These professionals are interested in understanding enduring characteristics that people display over time and across circumstances, such as why some people are she while others are outgoing. |
| What do social psychologists study? | These professionals are interested in how people are affected by the presence of others and how they form impressions of others. |
| What do cultural psychologists study? | These professionals are interested in understanding how people are influenced by the societal rules that dictate behavior in the cultures in which they are raised |
| What do clinical psychologists study? | These professionals are interested in the factors that cause psychological disorders and the methods best used to treat them. |
| What do counseling psychologists study? | These professionals are interested in helping people improve their daily lives, but they tend to work more with people who are facing difficult life circumstances. |
| What does the term "human genome" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the basic genetic code, or blueprint, for the human body. |
| Which two (2) Psychologists are responsible for starting the field of social psychology? | Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow are responsible for starting this. |
| What does the term "cognitive psychology" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the study of mental functions such as intelligence, thinking, language, memory, & decision making. |
| What does the term "cognitive neuroscience mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the study of the neural mechanisms underlying thought, learning, perception, language, and memory". |
| Which two (2) psychologists are responsible for starting the "Behaviorist" school of psychology? | John B. Watson & B. F. Skinner are responsible for this. |
| Who is considered the "father of psychology"? | Wilhelm Wundt is considered to be this. |
| Who founded the "Evolutionary Theory" of psychology? | Charles Darwin founded this school of psychology. |
| What does the term "dualism" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the idea that the mind and the body are separate yet intertwined". |
| What is one (1) of the earliest pieces of evidence we have for the existence of knowledge in psychology? | The earliest evidence we have for this is the discovery of human skulls with holes surgically drilled in them for the purpose of relieving pressure to "cure" abnormal behavior. |
| What does the term "trepanning" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to drilling or boring a hole in the skull. |
| Where was the first "lunatic asylum" built? | This was built in 1752 in Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane). |
| What did Leonardo da Vinci believe where the mind is concerned? | He believed that all sensory messages arrive in the brain. |
| What do modern psychologist believe where the "nature/nurture debate" is concerned? | They understand that psychological traits are the result of both nature (DNA/genetics) and nurture (acquired through learning, culture, and experience). |
| Who was Rene Descartes in relation to the field of psychology? | He created the idea of "dualism", which states that the mind and body are intertwined yet separate. |
| Why was patient "Anna O." important to Freudian psychology? | She was the first patient that "talk therapy" was used with. She was allowed to use "free association" in an attempt to determine subconscious issues that she might have been experiencing. |
| Where did ancient peoples - like ancient Egyptians and Greeks - believe the mind resided? | These groups of people believed that the mind resided in different organs in the body. |
| Who was the founder of Functionalism? | William James was the founder of this psychology school of thought. |
| Who was Wolfgang Kohler? | He founded the Gestalt theory of psychology. |
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