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Nicotine/Smoking

Nicotine/Smoking for Biology of Drugs

QuestionAnswer
In which part of the tobacco plant is nicotine found? The Leaves
1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl) pyrrolidine the chemical name for nicotine
Is there a fatal dose of nicotine? Yes
T or F: nicotine is a commonly used insecticide True
_________ forms of nicotine can be absorbed across mucosal surfaces. E.g., snuff through the oral mucosa. Alkaline
To be absorbed in the lungs via smoke inhalation, nicotine must be converted from an _________ form to an ______ form and dissolved in ___. ALKALINE to ACIDIC and dissolved in TAR.
Faster absorption: inhalation or oral? inhalation
How quickly does inhaled nicotine arrive to the brain? Within 10 seconds
Where is nicotine metabolized? Liver
Nicotine half-life 2 hours
Cotinine the major nicotine metabolite
Cotinine half-life 24 hours
T or F: nicotine increases dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens True
Nictotine is considered addicting because it increases ________ in the _______ _________. dopamine, nucleus accumbens
The nucleus accumbens is known as the brain’s _______ center reward
Ciliary Escalator the body’s mechanism to trap inhaled particles and push it out of the respiratory tract, using cilia and mucous
2 ways nicotine/smoking affect the ciliary escalator? 1. paralyzes the cilia lining the respiratory tract and 2. stimulates excessive mucous production
How long after stopping smoking does it take for cilia to return to normal functioning? Up to 9 months
What is the significance of non-functioning cilia? Unable to clear lungs
EMPHYSEMA is to POOR GAS EXCHANGE, as ______ __________ is to POOR AIR MOVEMENT CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
Emphysema involves destruction of which lung structures and the inability to completely do what? alveoli (air sacs); exhale
Chronic Bronchitis is inflammation of what? The bronchioles
Bronchioles The large tubes that transport air to the alveoli
COPD is a combo of which 2 respiratory diseases? emphysema and bronchitis
Inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) binds ____________ to hemoglobin, taking up needed space to carry ______ (__) to the tissues, decreasing the body’s O2 supply. irreversibly; oxygen; O2
T or F: smoking can be attributed to 95% of all lung cancers True
T or F: Tobacco smoke contains over 40 known carcinogens True
T or F: persons with psychiatric disorders who smoke tend to have more difficulty quitting True
How does smoking during pregnancy affect the fetus’s blood supply? Lowers it
T or F: smoking during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight, premature births, birth defects, SIDS, allergies, leukemia, and ear infections True
What is the relationship between SIDS and smoking SIDS is more common in smoker households
Schizophrenic symptoms tend to get _____ when schizophrenics try to quit smoking worse
Smokers at risk for depression are ____ likely to become depressed after they stop smoking. more
3 components of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Mainstream, Sidestream, Exhaled
Mainstream smoke the smoke inhaled through the filtered end of a cigarette
Sidestream smoke the smoke from the lit end of a cigarette
Exhaled smoke the smoke exhaled by the smoker
More carcinogens: Sidesteam or Mainstream smoke? Sidestream. It is unfiltered.
Name some ways smoking contributes to the risk of heart attacks increases blood clots, causes cardiac arrhythmias, decreases HDL & increases LDL
Zyban, a smoking deterrent is the same drug as which antidepressant? Wellbutrin
Early signs of nicotine toxicity sweating, nausea, tremors
Late signs of nicotine overdose seizures, cardiac arrest, respiratory failure
Created by: jondoh
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