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CogPsych
Tutorial 5: Measuring Working Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why measure working memory? | 1. strongly related to intelligence and executive functions. 2. Core cognitive deficit in aging, Alzheimers etc 3. stereotype threat, emotion regulation, and intrusive thought suppression. 4. driving under distraction, and fatigue |
| What happens in the backwards digit span task? | Participants are asked to recall series of digits in reverse order |
| What happens in the complex span task? | Participants recalled letters. Several sentences were presented . Below each sentence, a single letter was displayed. Additionally, they evaluated the meaningfulness of the sentences. Subjects then recall the letters in order. |
| What happens in the operation span task? | Subjects first solve a math problem, and then see a letter, and then solve another math problem, and see another letter. Then, subjects are asked to recall, in order, the preceding letters. Scores are calculated by summing letters recalled in order. |
| What happens in the symmetry span task, same as the operation span task? | 1. the distractor task is judging whether a displayed shape is symmetrical along its vertical axis. 2. the to-be-remembered items are locations of red squares in a 4×4 grid 3.the number of symmetry location pairs varied per trial. |
| What happens in the rotation span task? | Participants recalled a sequence of short and long arrows radiating out from the center of the screen pointing into one of eight possible directions. The participant’s task was to decide whether the orientation of a letter was normal or mirror-reversed |
| What happens in the verbal updating task? | Each trial used stimuli from 2 to 5 semantic categories, depending on the load level of the trial. Words were presented one at a time; 2000ms first. After (range 2–6) participants were asked to type the last word presented for each category. |
| What happens in the numerical updating task? | Digits were displayed in 2–6 boxes. (range 2–6) was presented one by one for 1600 ms per digit. Subjects were asked to keep in mind the last digit for each box, and type the digits for each box at the end of each trial. |
| What happens in the spatial-figural updating task? | Rectangles of different colors were presented on different positions within a 3 × 3 grid matrix. At recall, rectangles of different colors presented one at a time, participants clicking into the grid cell where the target color appeared last. |
| What happens in the verbal N-back task? | Letters were presented one by one in 1 to 3 boxes, depending on the load level of the trial. Each time a new letter appeared in a box, participants typed the last letter that has been presented previously in that box. (timed) |
| What happens in the numerical n-back task? | Digits were presented instead of letters in the boxes, and participants responded by typing the last digit that had been presented previously in a given box. |
| What happens in the spatial-figural n-back task? | Different abstract figures (1–3, depending on the load level) were played in randomly selected cells of a 3 × 3 grid. For every new figure presented, participants had to indicate the last location in the grid where figure was presented one step before. |
| What happens in the letter-colour binding task? | Each trial involved sequential of a short list of letter-color pairs that participants had to remember. This was followed by a recall test, probing each pair in a random order. Participants had to select the letter paired with the given color. |
| What happens in the word-number binding task? | participants remembered several pairs of nouns with twodigit numbers. Recall was tested as in the letter-color task |
| What happens in the location-letter binding task? | par- ticipants were asked to remember the positions of letters within a 3 × 3 grid. During recall participants had to indicate the location of a given letter, or select the letter that was displayed at a given location in the grid. |
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