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blood
anatomy vanier rt
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hematocrit in males | 47% +-5 |
| hematocrit in females | 42%+-5 |
| hematocrit | blood fraction (eruthrocite/blood) |
| plasma | 55% of whole blood |
| buffy coat | leukocyte and platelets , 1% |
| distribution of blood | deliver oxygen, transport metabolic waste, transport hormones |
| regulation | maintain appropriate body temperature, maintain normal pH in body tissues, maintain adequate fluid volume |
| protection | prevent blood loss(platelets,plasma protein), prevent infection (antibodies) |
| albumin | 60% of plasma protein. act as carrier to shuttle some molecules thru the circulation (blood buffer), main contribute to osmotic pressure |
| electrolytes | cation: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, anion: chloride, Phosphates, sulfate, bicarbonate, help to maintainplasma osmotic pressure and pH |
| plasma proteins | 8% osmotic pressure and water balance. produce by liver |
| globulins | 36% plasma membrane; alpha, beta: transport protein for lipids, metal ions, and fat-soluble vitamimns;gamma: antibodies |
| fibrinogen: | 4% plasma membranes. form fibrin threads of blood clot |
| nonprotein nitrogenous substances | by-product of cellular metabolism, such as urea, uric acid, creatinine, aluminium salts |
| hemorrgagic anemia | caused by blood loss |
| spectrin | network of protein allowing erythrocyte to chnge shape |
| hemoglobin consist of | globin (2 alpha ,2 beta polypeptide chains) and 4 heme groups(Iron) |
| CO2 binding | 20% of CO2 transported by blood. bind to hemoglobin's amino acids |
| hematopoiesis | blood cell formation, occurs in red bone marrow |
| erythropoesis stages | myeloid stem cell-proerythroblast-basophilic erythroblast-polycheomatic erythroblast-orthochromatic erythroblast-reticulocyte-erythrocyte |
| Erythroprotein(EPO) | stimulate formation oof erythrocytes.Produce by kidnay |
| Renal dialysis | for patient whose kidneys failed producing enough EPO. Genetically engineered EPO help these pt |
| EPO abuse in athelets (blood doping) | injecting EPO, increase hematocrit from 45% to 65%, with dehydration, can cause clotting, stroke and heart failure |
| EPO in cancer patient | improve hematocrit, reduce blood transfusion requirements, and enhance the quality of life of cancer patients suffering from anemia |
| name of iron store inside the cells | ferritin and hemosiderini |
| transferrin | transport iron, and develop erythrocyte |
| lifespan of RBC | 100-120 days goes to spleen |
| balance of heme groupp degrades into | bilirubin |
| hemolytic anemia | hemoglobin is not normal; rupture or lyse prematurely |
| Thalassemias | Mediterranean ancestry:one of globin chain is abscent of faulty: erythrocyte thin delicate and deficient |
| sickle-cell anemia | abnormal hemoglobin HbS, crescent shape. Rupture easily. Black people in malaria belt |
| polythermia vera | bone marrow cancer, increase hemotocrit |
| secondary polycythemia | less oxygen available, EPO production increases. occurs in high altitude habitants |
| amoeboid motion | form flowing cytoplasmic extensionsthat move the WBC along |
| positive chemotaxis | pinpoints area of damage or infection and gather there in large number to destroy |
| leukocytosis | normal homeostatic response in an infection in the body. WBC > 11000 |
| Granulocyte | include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Sphere, larger, shorter lived. all phagocyte (never eat bananas) |
| neutrophils | multiple nucleus;phagocyte bacteria |
| Eosinophils | looks like telephone;kill parasitic ;Plays complex roles in allergy. |
| Basophil | contain histamine that acts as vaso dilators and other mediators of inflammation. contains heparin: anticoagulants |
| lymphocyte | mostly in lymphoid system;T-lymphocyte: acting against virus infecting cells; B lymphocyte produce antibodies |
| Monocytes | Develp into macrophages, monocytes do the job of phagocytosis (cell-eating) of any type of dead cell and foreign particles in the body |
| leukopenia | low WBC usually caused by drugs |
| leukemias | cancer : overproduction of abnormal WBC. Acute in children, chronic in eldery |
| mononucleiosis | excessive agranulocyte, no cure, rest and recover |
| platelets | cytoplasmic fragment of megakaryocytes; essential for clotting process, form temporary plug. Die in 10 day if no clotting |
| thrombopoietin | regulates production of platelets |
| hemostasis | stop bleeding: 1. vascular spasm( contraction);2. platelets plug formation;3. coagulationn (blood clotting) |
| coaguation | fibrin form a mesh that traps red blood cell and platelets, forming the clot |
| pernicious anemia | autoimmune disease; destroys stomach mucosa; lack B12 |
| leukopoeisis | lymphoid stem cells-myeloid stem cell-myeloblasts-promyelocyte-myelocyte-band cell |
| fibrinolysis | removed uneeded clot whn healing occurs (plasmin) |
| factors limiting normal clot growth | swift removal of clotting factors; inhibition of activated clotting factors;restrict thrombin to clot or inactivate it (antithrombin III, Heparin) |
| factors preventing undesirable clotting | endothelium smooth and intact: no clotting; antithrombic substances and Vit E quinone |
| thromboembolic disorder | cause undisirable clot formation |
| thrombocytopenia | number of platelets in deficient. symptoms: purple spot |
| impaired liver function | Vitamin K deficiency- liver failure: unable to supply enough clotting factors |
| Hemophilas | genetic disorder;blood doesn't clot normally because it lacks sufficient blood-clotting proteins (clotting factors) |
| AB have | antigen/agglutinogen A&B; no antibodies/agglutinins |
| Rh- woman carrying Rh+ child | first time antibodeis not formed yet. bleeding occurs during carriage, form baby;s rH antibody that will transfer to the second child blood; cause hemolytic desease of the newborn |
| transfuion reaction | cause agglutination and hemolysis( RBC lyses) transfered blood cannot carry oxygen; hinder blood flow |
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