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Human Growth & Dev.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Frued: Psychoanalytic Theory | Basic Assumptions: deterministic, biological forces drive development; determined by irrational & unconscious drives; intsticts are central focus of theory; personality charateristics are appear in childhood |
| 3 Levels of Awareness | know as typological concept: 1) conscious mind 2)Preconscious mind 3) Unconscious mind |
| Conscious Mind | info is easily accessible; info in immediate awareness |
| Preconscious Mind | info can be easily made conscious; may take a little time to retrieve info but can eventually be remembered |
| Unconscious Mind | thoughts, feelings, etc is difficulty to bring to conscious; repressed material, out of awareness |
| Aim of Therapy: Awareness | Make Unconscious become Conscious; UNC root of all forms of neurotic symptions and behaviors |
| 2 Basic Instincts | 1) Eros 2) Thantos |
| Eros | "Life instincts" consists of biological urges; eg: hunger, thrist, physical comfort, sex, etc |
| Thantos | "Death Instincts" destructive energy; aggressive dirves that manifest through UNC wish to die or hurt self or others; self destructive; major challenge to manage aggressive drive |
| Libido | orginally referred to as sexual energy; broadened to include engergy of ALL LIFE INSTINCTS; goal of gaining pleasure and avoiding pain; serves purpose to survive |
| 3 Structures of Personality | 1) ID 2) EGO 3) SUPER EGO (not separate inttities but distinct psychological processes) |
| Id | (biological) UNC; illogical/amoral; instant gratification, cannot tolerate tension; pleasure principle occurs |
| Pleasure Principle | aimed at reducing tension and avoiding pain; all about gaining pleasure |
| Ego | (Psycological) CON; governs control & regulates personality; mediates b/t instincts and environment; realistic & logical; reality principle exists |
| Reality Principle | Ego has a plan of action to satisfy needs; mediator b/t Id and Super Ego; postpones gratification |
| Super Ego | (Social) Pre Con; judicial branch of personality; moral code; concerned with action of being good or bad, etc; represents ideal & strives for perfections; internalization of parents/society; punishment & guilt |
| 5 Stages of Psychosexual Development | 1) Oral 2) Anal 3) Phallic 4) Latency 5) Genital |
| 1) Oral Stage | (birth-18 months) Focus is on mouth; difficulties in this stage can be seen in behaviors such as smoking, drinking, sarcasm, aggressiveness |
| 2) Anal Stage | (18-36 months) focus is on the anus; difficulties in this stage present themselves in being overly rigid or orderly, stinginess, obstanate behavior, extreme messiness, etc |
| 3) Phallic Stage | (3-6 yrs) focus on genitials; Oedipus complex in boys & Electra complex in girls; difficulties in this stage result in promiscuity, vanity, flirtatiousness, or extreme modesty or timidity |
| Oedipus Complex and Electra Complex | Oedipus complex - boys unc. wish to kill their fathers to be with their mothers; Electra complex - girls unc. desire to kill mother to be with their fathers |
| 4) Latency Stage | (6-12 yrs) focus not on any specific body part and is considered a dormant stage of development; difficulties in this stage result in repressed sexuality or limited social connection |
| 5)Genital Stage | (12+ and adulthood) focus on the genitals; difficulties in later life are seen by inability to form intimate relathionships with others |
| Neo Freudians: Psychoanalytic Theory | Carl Jung, Karen Horney, Alfred Adler |
| Neo Freudian View | considered part of psychoanalytic theory; departed from Freud due to pessmistic view; disagreed that personalilty was determined by early childhood; disagreed w/ belief that behavior was primarily motivated by sexual urges |
| Focus of Psychoanylitic Therapy | 1. Make unconscious repressed memories conscious; 2. Working through memories in cathartic manner and gaining insight; 3. Gain insigth to be more mature personality & have ability to form intimate relationships; successful development "work & love" |
| Key Concepts in the theraputic relationship | 1. Transference 2. Countertransference |
| Transference | Unconscious projections of the client's history onto the therapist |
| Countertransference | Unconscious projections of the therapist's history onto the client |
| Key psychoanalytic techniques | 1. Free association 2. Interpretation of dreams 3. Idenfication of ego defenses 4. Making the unconscios conscious 5. Analysis of the theaputic relationship (transference reaction, etc) |
| Anxiety | Anxiety is a major concept in psychoanalysis; anxiety motivate the ego to take action or else the ego will be overthrown; creates a sense of tension to take action; ego defense mechanisms are created as a way to ward off anxiety |
| Defense Mechanisms | tatic developed by the ego to protect against anxiety; way to guard thoughts and feelings that are too difficult to deal with |
| Denial | firm belief that an occurence did not happen; one of the most primitive defenses |
| Displacement | direct focus to a object or person rather than the original cause of anger or aggression; yell at child b/c angry at boss |
| Introjection | individual internalized the aspects or characteristics of another as a way of warding off loss or a significant individual in his/her life |
| Intellectualization | using logic or intellect to distance oneself from the emotional aspects of a situation |
| Projection | attributing unacceptable characteristics of the self onto others |
| Rationalization | creation of inaccurate excuses to justify one's behavior or beliefs |
| Reaction formation | way of denying unacceptable feelings or beliefs, the individual acts in an opposite manner |
| Regression | individual retreats to an earlier form of development and behaves in a manner that is not reflective of current developmental stage; considered most primitive or simplist ego defense mechanism |
| Carl Jung: Analytical Psychology | rejected Freud's belief that behavior was motivated by instictual drive of sex & aggression; believed people are motivated by a general psychological energy that pushes them to acheive psychological growth throughout lift time |
| 3 Structures of Personality | 1) Ego 2) Collective Unconscious 3) Conscious |
| Ego | complex of conscious ideas that constitutes the center of one's awareness; consciousness |
| Collective Unconscious | deepest part of individual psyche; shared by all people and reflects humanity's collective history; store house of ancestrial past |
| Personal Unconscious | contain material from personal experience that is no longer (or not yet) at the level of awareness; forgotten memories |
| Archetypes | universal thought inherited from past generations; part of collective UNC; mental images of human insticts, part of religion, dreams, myths, fables, folklore, etc |
| Common Archetypes | Anima, Animus, Shadow, Persona |
| Anima | female archetype in man; predispose man to understand nature of woman; feminine aspects; part of collective UNC |
| Animus | male archetype in woman; predispose woman to understand nature of man; masculine aspects; part of collective UNC |
| Shadow | "Dark Side" unwelcome side of personality; consist of repressed material; commonly projected onto others in indirect fashion; eg - Dr Jeckle, Mr Hyde; part of personal UNC |
| Persona | outward face of personality - mask; protective facade disigned to meet demands of society while concealing one's true inner feelings; part of collective UNC |
| Jung - Theory of Personality | psyche is made up of conscious and unconscious components of collective UNC; each person also has a personal UNC |
| 2 Aspects of Human Psyche | 1) Accessible: Conscious - senses, emotions, intelligence, desire, etc. 2) Inaccessible: Unconscious - elements of personal experience forgotton or denied |
| Development of Personality | No formal stages of development; development begins later in life; process of differentiation; "Second Puberty" begins in mid life - shift from materialism to more spiritual/cultural values |
| Individuation | lifelong unfolding of one's inherent potential; unique self develops |
| Self | represents the ultimate goal of personality; self become differentiated; self realization or selfhood |
| Typology of Personality | 1) Introverson 2) Extroversion |
Created by:
mchay444
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