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WHICH DISORDER?
Which disorder??
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is rarely found outside North America. | Dissociative Identity Disorder |
| Some psychodynamic theorists view this disorder as a manifestation of feelings of anxiety. | Dissociative Identity Disorder |
| Some learning theorists view this disorder as a response learned when behaviors are reinforced by anxiety-reduction | Dissociative Identity Disorder |
| Some clinicians include under the umbrella of posttraumatic stress disorder. | Dissociative Identity Disorder |
| May reflect role playing by people who are vulnerable to therapists’ suggestions. | Dissociative Identity Disorder |
| Increased dramatically in the late twentieth century. | Dissociative Identity Disorder |
| Controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings | Dissociative disorders |
| Rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities | Dissociative identity disorder (DID) (formerly called multiple personality disorder) |
| Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. | Personality disorders |
| These disorders forms three clusters, characterized by: – anxiety – eccentric or odd behaviors – dramatic or impulsive behaviors | Personality disorders |
| Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members | Antisocial Personality Disorder |
| Often impulsiveness, fearlessness, irresponsibility | Antisocial Personality Disorder |
| Person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight | Anorexia nervosa |
| Person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), sometimes followed by fasting or excessive exercise | Bulimia nervosa |
| Significant binge eating, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting | Binge-eating disorder |
| Form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood | Chronic schizophrenia (also called process schizophrenia) |
| As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten | Chronic schizophrenia (also called process schizophrenia) |
| Form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods | Acute schizophrenia (also called reactive schizophrenia) |
| Often positive symptoms that respond to drug therapy | Acute schizophrenia (also called reactive schizophrenia) |
| Often low activity in frontal lobes | Schizophrenia |
| Vigorous activity in thalamus and amygdala when experiencing hallucinations | Schizophrenia |
| Enlarged, fluid-filled areas and corresponding shrinkage and thinning of cerebral tissue | Schizophrenia |
| Smaller-than-normal cortex and corpus callosum | Schizophrenia |
| Dopamine Overactivity; Resulting hyper-responsive dopamine system could intensify brain signals, creating positive symptoms | Schizophrenia |
| Positive symptoms: Presence of inappropriate behavior Negative symptoms: Absence of appropriate behavior | Schizophrenia |
| Word salad (senseless speech) and a breakdown in selective attention | Schizophrenia |
| Flat affect: Emotionless, a state of no apparent feeling | Schizophrenia |
| Impaired theory of mind: Difficulty reading other peoples’ facial emotions and states of mind | Schizophrenia |
| Emotional deficiencies occur early in illness and have a genetic basis | Schizophrenia |
| Inappropriate motor behavior, with motionless catatonia or senseless, compulsive actions | Schizophrenia |
| Odds of being diagnosed are nearly 1 in 100; 1 in 10 for those with diagnosed family member | Schizophrenia |
| Dopamine or myelin genetic markers | Schizophrenia |
| Prolonged state of hopeless depression | Major depressive disorder |
| Symptoms for these disorders may have a seasonal pattern | Bipolar and Major depressive disorder |
| Alternates between depression and overexcited hyperactivity | Bipolar (used to be called manic-depressive) |
| A disorder in which a person experiences two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be: • Depressed mood or • Loss of interest or pleasure | Major depressive disorder |
| These symptoms present themselves in the absence of drugs or another medical condition | Major depressive disorder |
| The number one reason people seek mental health services | Depression |
| United States: 7.6% experience moderate or severe | Depression |
| Worldwide: 3.95% men and 7.2% women | Have a depressive episode |
| A disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania | Bipolar |
| A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common | Mania |
| Strikes more often among those who rely on emotional expression and vivid imagery | Bipolar |
| Much less common than major depressive disorder, but often more dysfunctional | Bipolar |
| Americans twice as likely as people elsewhere to be diagnosed with this disorder | Bipolar |
| New to DSM-5: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder | Bipolar |
| Women experience depression 1.7 times more often than men (CDC, 2014) | Major depressive disorder |
| Women’s disorders are generally more internal (depression, anxiety, inhibited sexual desire) | Major depressive disorder |
| Men’s disorders are more external (alcohol use disorder, antisocial conduct, lack of impulse control) | Major depressive disorder |
| Therapy often helps and tends to speed recovery, but even without most people recover | Major depressive disorder |
| Recovery more likely if first episode strikes later in life, there were few previous episodes, and there is minimal stress and a strong social support system | Major depressive disorder |
| About one in four diagnosed have experienced an emotional, financial, or professional trauma within the past month | Major depressive disorder |
| n North America, young adults three times more likely than their grandparents to suffer | Major depressive disorder |
| Some generational affect; young people now more willing to talk openly about their depression | Major depressive disorder |
| Linkage analysis points to “chromosome neighborhood” to help researchers tease out the genes that put people at risk | Depression |
| Many genes work together and produce interacting small effects that increase risk | Depression |
| Brain activity slows | Depression |
| Neurotransmitter norepinephrine scarce | Depression |
| Neurotransmitter norepinephrine abundant | Mania |
| Neurotransmitter serotonin scarce/inactive | Depression |
| Repetitive physical exercise decrease | Depression |
| Their self-defeating beliefs and negative explanatory style often feed | Depression’s vicious cycle. |
| Compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes | Rumination |
| Worldwide, 800,000 people annually | Commit suicide |
| Gain relief from intense negative thoughts through the distraction of pain | NSSI |
| Includes cutting, burning, hitting oneself, inserting objects under nails or skin, and self-administered tattooing. These self-injuries are painful but not fatal. | NSSI |
| Get others to change their negative behavior (bullying, criticism) | NSSI |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) – Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | Anxiety disorders |
| Person is unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy. | Generalized anxiety disorder |
| Person experiences panic attacks, sudden episodes of intense dread, and fears the next episode’s unpredictable onset. | Panic disorder |
| Person is intensely and irrationally afraid of a specific object, activity, or situation | Phobia |
| Worry continually, often jittery, on edge, and sleep deprived | Generalized anxiety disorder |
| Lack of concentration on a task | Generalized anxiety disorder |
| Two-thirds women | Generalized anxiety disorder |
| Anxiety is free-floating (not linked to a specific stressor or threat) | Generalized anxiety disorder |
| Often seen with depression, but usually debilitating even on its own | Generalized anxiety disorder |
| May lead to physical problems (high blood pressure) | Generalized anxiety disorder |
| Person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. | Generalized anxiety disorder |
| An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations | Panic disorder |
| Often followed by worry over a possible next attack. | Panic disorder |
| Irregular heartbeat, chest pains, shortness of breath, choking, trembling, dizziness | Panic disorder |
| Anxiety disorder marked by a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation | Phobia |
| Include a fear of particular animals, insects, heights, blood, or closed spaces | Specific phobias |
| Is an intense fear of other people’s negative judgments. | Social anxiety disorder |
| People with this disorder avoid social situations (speaking up in a group, eating out, going to parties), and if unable to avoid them, may experience strong symptoms of their anxiety. | Social anxiety disorder |
| Characterized by persistent and repetitive thoughts, actions, or both | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
| Occurs when thoughts and behaviors persistently interfere with everyday life and cause distress | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
| Is more common among teens and young adults than older people | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
| Is characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. | Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
| Often involves military veterans (7.6 percent of combatants; 1.4 of noncombatants among American military personnel in Afghanistan) and survivors of accidents, disasters, and violent and sexual assaults (including an estimated two-thirds of prostitutes). | Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
| Most men and women display impressive survivor resiliency. | Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
| Women at higher risk (1 in 10) than men (1 in 20) of developing this disorder, following a traumatic event. | Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
| Researchers have identifies 17 gene variations associated | Anxiety, OCD, and PTS |
| Serotonin, Glutamate: Heightens activity in the brain’s alarm centers | Anxiety, OCD, and PTS |
| Epigenetic marks are often organic molecules that attach to chromosomes and turn certain genes on or off | Anxiety, OCD, and PTS |
| Fear circuits created within the amygdala result in easy inroads for more fear experiences | Anxiety, OCD, and PTS |
| Brain scans show higher-than-normal activity in the amygdala of brain scans | PTSD |
| Anterior cingulate cortex, a brain region that monitors our actions and checks for errors, is especially likely to be hyperactive | OCD |
| Fear of flying may be rooted in our biological predisposition | Anxiety, OCD, and PTS |
| “ disorder” of having a Y chromosome; | ADHD |
| May in effect be marketed by companies that offer drugs for its treatment | ADHD |
| 11 percent American 4- to 17-year-olds receive this diagnosis after displaying its key symptoms; 2.5 percent adults | ADHD |
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