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positioning final 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| advantages of water soluble iodonated contrast | will not hurt pt if perforation exists and moves faster than barium |
| what are types of double contrast? | high density barium, co2 crystals and air |
| rotation for rao esophagus and CR? | 35-40 degrees at t5-6 |
| what should the pt do before an upper gi? | dont eat or drink for 8-9 hours before exam/after midnight |
| where do you center the ir for upper gis? | l1-2/1-2 in. above lower rib margin |
| how much do you rotate the pt for a pa oblique rao stomach? | 40-70 degrees |
| what do you see on the pa oblique rao stomach? | air in the fundus, duodenal bulb and loop in profile |
| what do you see on the ap oblique lpo stomach? | barium in fundus |
| What do you see on the lateral stomach? | anterior and posterior aspects of stomach |
| qhat should the pt do before a small bowel series? | be on a low residue diet for 2 days prior, empty bladder. may need enema |
| where should the cr be for delayed images of the small bowel? | iliac crests |
| what is enteroclysis? | injection of contrast into the small bowel |
| what temperature do barium enemas need to be? | 85-90 F |
| how high should the enema bag be? | no more than 24 in. above anus |
| CR for pa colon? | iliac crests |
| how to do pa axial colon | 30-40 caudad at asis |
| what do you see on the pa axial colon? | rectosigmoid area |
| how to do a pa oblique colon? | rotate 35-45 degrees. shoot 1-2 inches lateral to midline of body at iliac crests |
| what do you see on the pa oblique rao colon? | right colic flexure, ascending colon, sigmoid colon |
| what do you see on the pa oblique lao colon? | left colic flexure and descending colon |
| for the right lateral decub colon, where does barium lie? | medial ascending and lateral descending |
| what is antegrade filling? | contrast injected to move with the flow of blood |
| what does ivu mean? | intravenous urography. shows function and structure |
| what is an ivp? | intravenous pyelogram (renal pelves and calces) |
| what is retrograde filling? | contrast going against blood flow. via catheter |
| cystography | general bladder exam |
| cystoureterography | exam of lower ureters |
| cystourethrography | exam of urethra |
| normal creatinine level | .6-1.2 |
| normal gfr | 120-125 |
| where should the cr be for the ap and lateral urinary system? | iliac crests |
| for the ap oblique urinary, what is the position of the kidneys? | closest is perpendicular, farthest is parallel to ir |
| what is a normal bun level? | 10-20 |
| how to do ap axial bladder? | shoot 10-15 caudad to 2 in. above pubic syphysis |
| how to do ap oblique bladder | rotate 40-60 degrees, shoot 2 inches above pubic syphysis and 2 inches medial to asis |
| how much rotation for the ap oblique male cystourethrogram? | 35-40 |
| Which skull shape is typical? | mesocephalic |
| Which skull shape has petrous pyramids that form a 47 degree angle with the msp? | mesocephalic |
| Which skull shape is short and broad? | brachycephalic |
| Which skull shape is long and narrow? | dolichocephalic |
| Which skull shape has petrous pyramids that form a 40 degree angle with the msp? | dolichocephalic |
| Which skull shape has petrous pyramids that form a 54 degree angle with the msp? | brachycephalic |
| which line should be perpendicular to the ir for lateral skull and facial bones? | ioml |
| CR for lateral skull? | 2 inches above eam |
| pa axial caldwell | oml is perpendicular to the ir. shoot 15 caudal to exit nasion |
| ap axial towne | oml perpendicular to ir. tuck chin. shoot 30 caudad to the oml or 37 to ioml |
| pa axial haas | oml perpendicular to ir. shoot 25 cephalad to exit 1 1/2 inches above nasion |
| submentovertical schuller | get ioml as parallel as possible to ir. shoot 3/4 inch anterior to eam |
| CR for lateral facial bones | halfway between outer canthus and eam |
| parietoacanthial waters | oml should form 37 degrees with ir. CR is at acanthion |
| modified waters | oml should form 55 degrees with ir |
| acanthioparietal reverse waters | pt is prone. oml forms 37 degrees with ir and shoot at acanthion |
| smv for zygomatic arches CR | 1 inch posterior to outer canthus |
| tangential zygomatic arches | tilt msp 15 toward affected side and tilt top of head 15 away from affected side. shoot to ioml 1 inch posterior to outer canthus |
| ap axial modified towne for z arches | oml is perpendicular. shoot at glabella 30 caudad |
| pa rami | oml perpendicular to ir. shoot to exit acanthion |
| pa axial rami | forehead and nose on bucky. oml perpendicular. shoot 20-25 cephalad to exit acanthion |
| pa mandibular body | aml perpendicular to ir. CR at lips |
| pa axial mandibular body | aml perpendicular to ir. CR 30 cephalad thru tmjs |
| axiolateral ramus | put head in true lateral. CR 25 cephalad thru ramus |
| axiolateral oblique body | rotate head 30 degrees towards ir. CR25 cephalad thru body |
| axiolateral oblique mandibular symphysis | rotate head 45 degrees towards ir. CR 25 cephalad thru symphysis |
| ap axial tmj | oml perpendicular to ir. CR 35 caudad midway between tmjs. do open and closed mouth |
| axiolateral tmj | interpupillary line perpendicular to ir. CR 25-30 caudal 1/2 inch anterior and 2 inches superior to eam |
| lateral sinuses | msp of head is parallel to ir. shoot 1/2 to 1 inch posterior to outer canthus |
| Which sinus projection is used for all sinuses and fluid levels? | lateral |
| parietoacanthial open mouth waters | shows sphenoidal sinus. oml forms 37 degrees with ir, CR should exit acanthion |
| smv for sinuses | ioml should be as parallel as possible to ir. shoot thru sella turcica 3/4 inch anterior to eam |
Created by:
beanso
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