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Schizophrenia and Ot
Schizophrenia and Other Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression. | Schizophrenia |
| The word itself means (Schizophrenia) | Split Mind |
| Schizophrenia is the chief example of a ______ disorder, which is marked by irrationality, distorted perceptions, and lost contact with reality. | Psychotic ; |
| With treatment and a supportive environment, over ___ percent of people with schizophrenia will have periods of a year or more with normal life experience. But just __/__ of those diagnosed will make a complete and enduring recovery. | 40 ; 1 in 7 |
| Positive symptoms: | Presence of inappropriate behavior |
| Negative symptoms: | Absence of appropriate behavior |
| Seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling things that exist only in the mind | Hallucinations |
| Delusions | False beliefs |
| Word salad | Senseless speech |
| Name some symptoms of schizophrenia | Hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, word salad, selective attention, flat affect, impaired theory of the mind, emotional deficiencies, inappropriate motor behavior, catatonia |
| Flat affect | Emotionless, a state of no apparent feeling |
| Catatonia | Abnormality of movement and behavior arising from a disturbed mental state |
| Impaired theory of mind | Difficulty reading other peoples’ facial emotions and states of mind |
| Also called process schizophrenia | Chronic schizophrenia |
| Also called reactive schizophrenia | Acute schizophrenia |
| Form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood | Chronic schizophrenia (also called process schizophrenia) |
| Form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods | Acute schizophrenia (also called reactive schizophrenia) |
| As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten | Chronic schizophrenia (also called process schizophrenia) |
| Often positive symptoms that respond to drug therapy | Acute schizophrenia (also called reactive schizophrenia) |
| Schizophrenia and dopamine | Dopamine Overactivity; Resulting hyper-responsive dopamine system could intensify brain signals, creating positive symptoms |
| Abnormal Brain Activity and Anatomy w/ schizophrenia Low activity... Vigorous activity (2)... Enlarged... Smaller than normal (2).... | -Low activity in frontal lobes - Vigorous activity in thalamus and amygdala [hallucinations] - Enlarged, fluid-filled areas and corresponding shrinkage and thinning of cerebral tissue - Smaller cortex and corpus callosum |
| Prenatal Environment and Risk (6) | – Low birth weight – Maternal diabetes – Older paternal age – Lack of oxygen during delivery – Maternal prenatal nutrition – Midpregnancy viral infection |
| –Odds of being diagnosed with schizophrenia are nearly __ in ___; __ in __ for those with diagnosed family member | 1/100 ; 1/10 |
| Schizophrenia influenced by many genes.. (2) | • Some influence the activity of dopamine and other brain neurotransmitters • Others affect the production of myelin |
| Controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings | Dissociative disorders |
| Rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities | Dissociative identity disorder (DID) (formerly called multiple personality disorder) |
| Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. | Personality disorders |
| Personality disorders form three clusters, characterized by: | – anxiety (predisposes the withdraw) – eccentric or odd behaviors (schizoey) – dramatic or impulsive behaviors as seen in borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder (5) | • Increased dramatically • Is rarely found outside North America. • Reflect role playing by people who are vulnerable to therapists’ suggestions. • Manifestation of feelings of anxiety. • Learned when behaviors are reinforced by anxiety-reduction. |
| Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members • Often impulsiveness, fearlessness, irresponsibility | Antisocial Personality Disorder |
| Do all criminals show antisocial personality disorder? why? | Criminality is not an essential component of antisocial behavior—and many criminals do not fit the description of antisocial personality disorder (since they show responsible concern for their friends and family members). |
| Person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight | Anorexia nervosa |
| Person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), sometimes followed by fasting or excessive exercise | Bulimia nervosa |
| Significant binge eating, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting. | Binge-eating disorder: |
| American rates: __.__% anorexia, __% bulimia, and __.__% binge-eating | 0.6 anorexia ; 1 bulimia ; 2.8 binge-eating |
| Family environment for those diagnosed with anorexia ... | is often competitive, high-achieving, protective |
| Those with eating disorders often have low self-evaluations, set _________ standards, and are intensely concerned with how others perceive them | Perfectionistic |
| Prevention programs have had success; especially effective when interactive and focused on girls ... | over age 15 |
| What contributes to eating disorders? | • Heredity: Disorders seen more in identical twins than in fraternal twins • Cultural pressures: Ideal body shapes vary across cultures and time • Other influences: Low self-esteem, and negative emotions interact with stressful life experiences |
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