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thx rad
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what structures form the bony thorax? | sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae |
| what are the three parts of the sternum? | manubrium, body, xiphoid process |
| what function does the sternum have? | supports the clavicles at the superior manubrial angles and attachment to costal cartilages of first 7 pairs of ribs |
| what level vertebrae does the xiphoid process correspond with? | T10 |
| where do the costal cartilages of the 1st-7th ribs attach? | sternum |
| where do the ribs of the 8th-10th ribs attach? | costal cartilage of the 7th ribs |
| what are true ribs? | first 7 ribs |
| what are false ribs? | 8th-12th ribs |
| what are floating ribs? | 11th-12th because they are only attached to the vertebrae |
| In an AP oblique projection of the THX, which side is of interest? | side closest to the IR |
| In a PA oblique projection of the THX, which side is of interest? | side farthest from the IR |
| SID for AP supine THX? | 60-72" |
| The Lindlom method demonstrates? | pulmonary apices |
| The Lindblom method is also referred to as? | Lodotic |
| CR angle for the Lindlom method? | perpendicular, no angle |
| how far should a patient stand from the IR when a Lindlom projection? | 1ft |
| Respiratory phase for AP axial projection of pulmonary apices? | suspended after 2nd full inspiration |
| CR angle for pt in the decubitus position? | horizontal |
| What is the CR angle if a patient can't get into position for a Lindlom projection? | 15-20 degrees, cephalic |
| How long should a patient be in position before exposure, while in the lateral or dorsal decubitus position? | 5-10 minutes |
| If a lateral decubitus is used to demonstrate fluid what side should the patient lie on? | affected side down |
| If a lateral decubitus is used to demonstrate free air, what side should the patient lie on? | unaffected side down |
| what are the 4 decubitus positions for the THX? | AP, PA, lateral right, lateral left |
| the thoracic cavity contains? | lungs, heart, thymus |
| oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occur where? | alveoli of the lungs |
| the costophrenic angle is found where? | lungs |
| the smallest division of the bronchial tree? | terminal bronchioles |
| compare the right and left primary bronchus? | right is shorter and wider and more vertical than the left |
| where are more foreign bodies entering the trachea more likely to be found? | right bronchus because it is more vertical and wider |
| at the last tracheal cartilage, the trachea divide/bifurcates into the primary bronchi, what is the area of bifurcation called? | carina |
| describe the location of the trachea in the thorax? | shifted slightly to the right of the midline b/c of the aorta |
| the lungs are composed of a light, spongy, highly elastic substance called? | parenchyma |
| describe the left and right lungs? | the right is about 1" shorter than the left b/c of the large space occupied by the liver and position of the heart |
| the depression in the mediastinal surface is called? | hilum |
| serous membrane sacs that enclose the lungs? | pleura |
| the space between the pleural walls? | pleural cavity |
| name the lobes of the right and left lungs? | right:superior, inferior, horizontal and middle. left:superior, inferior |
| respiration for PA oblique rib (above diaphragm)projection RAO or LAO position? | suspended at the end of full expiration |
| respiration for PA oblique rib (below diaphragm)projection RAO or LAO position? | suspended at the end of full inspiration |
| position of the body for a PA oblique rib projection using RAO or LAO? | chest against IR, body at 45 degree angle with affected side away from IR |
| position of the body for an AP oblique rib projection using RPO or LPO? | back against IR, body at 45 degree angle with affected side closest to the IR |
| respiration for AP rib projection (above diaphragm)? | suspended at full respiration to depress diaphragm |
| respiration for an AP ribs projection (below diaphragm)? | suspended after full expiration to elevate diaphragm |
| how is the IR positioned for an AP rib projection, above the diaphragm? | lengthwise, top of IR 1 1/2" above relaxed shoulders |
| how is the IR positioned for an AP rib projection, above the diaphragm? | crosswise, lower edge of IR at level of iliac crests |
| respiration for PA upper ribs? | suspended at full inspiration to depress diaphragm |
| where is the CR centered for PA rib projection? | center of the IR at the T7 level |
| which ribs are better demonstrated in a PA rib projection? | anterior ribs 1st-9th)above the diaphragm |
| respiration for PA heart/lung projection? | suspended after 2nd full inspiration to ensure max expansion of lungs |
| respiration for PA heart/lung projection if looking for pneumothorax? | suspended after full expiration |
| CR for PA heart/lung projection? | perpendicular to IR entering at T7 level |
| SID for PA heart/lung projection? | 60-72" to reduce magnification of the heart |
| SID for lateral heart/lungs projection? | 60-72" to reduce magnification of the heart |
| in a lateral heart/lung projection, which position L or R better demonstrates the heart? | left lateral |
| respiration for lateral heart/lung projection? | suspended after 2nd full inspiration |
| CR angle for lateral heart/lung projection? | perpendicular to the center of the IR entering the midconronal plane the T7 level |
| laryngeal prominence is located where? | C5 |
| SID for lateral sternum projection? | 72" |
| the heart is located in the chest at what vertebral level? | T5-T8 |
| what type body habitus requires crosswise IR for the THX? | hyperstenic |
| how many ribs are visible in an upright PA thx projection? | 10 ribs |
| how many ribs are visible in a recumbant PA thx projection? | 9 ribs |
Created by:
srehrauer
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