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Which Distribution is most homogeneous given the following:
a)mean 100 Variance 16
b)mean 120 variance 9
c) mean 90 variance 4
a)mean 100 Variance 16
b)mean 120 variance 9
c) mean 90 variance 4
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What happens to the mean and the standard deviation of a set of scores if each score is increased by 10?
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Measurement&Eval
Measurement&Evaluation Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which Distribution is most homogeneous given the following: a)mean 100 Variance 16 b)mean 120 variance 9 c) mean 90 variance 4 | c) mean 90, variance 4 homogeneous means less variance and the smaller standard deviation |
| What happens to the mean and the standard deviation of a set of scores if each score is increased by 10? | the mean changes and the standard deviation stays the same |
| Assume that a teacher wants to grade ona curve the average will be a c. 10% will get A's 10%f's. What is the t-score for a passing score ? A-33 B-35 C-37 D-39 | C-37 |
| The standard deviation is an indication of | the variability of a set of test scores around the mean |
| Which does not belong in the following list: Mean Median Standard Deviation Mode | Standard deviation |
| Which contains an absolute zero? | Ratio |
| Kelly's T score is 60. What is her Z score? | z=1.0 (exam 1 q 8) |
| The average number of points scored in a game was 100. the SD was 30. 95% of games had scoring less than how many points? Round to nearest number | 150 (see practice exam 1 Question # 9) |
| What percent of observations lies between -1.9 and 1.96 | 95% (see practice exam 1 question 10) |
| raw score of 82 with a mean of 100 and a sd of 12. What is the t-score? | 35 (see practice exam 1 question 11) |
| Can begin activity on average at 90 das. SD is 20 days. 68% of athletes are able to perform after how many days? | 99 (see practice exam 1 question 12) |
| Which doesnt belong? t=70 z=2.0 percentile=95 | percentile 95 |
| z score at 70th percentile is | .52 (exam 1 question 14) |
| what is the mean of a t-score? | 50 |
| What is the mean of a z-score? | 0 |
| what is the t-score associated with the 97.5 percentile? | 70 (pract. exam 1 question 18) |
| a distribution that has many more low scores than high scores is what kind of skewed | positively skewed |
| How many students out of 100 would be between the z scores of -.33 and .94? | 46 (question #21 practice exam 1) |
| Given mean=196, sd=14, n=17. What is the raw score for a z score of .35? | 201 (question 22 exam 1) |
| Why are standard scores important? | they permit scores to be compared more appropriately |
| Karens t score was 65. What is her z score? | 1.5 |
| Name associated with taxonomy of cognitive domain | Bloom |
| Name assocaited with taxonomy of the affective domain | Krathwohl |
| Taxonomy of the psychomotor domain | harrow |
| Nominal | no order, magnitude, or size example: hair color, tall vs short, random student ID number |
| Ordinal | Ranked data, order example: finishing order in a race |
| Continuous | can be added, subtracted, multiplied, or divided (interval and ratio) |
| Interval | has equal or common units and an arbitrary zero example: temperature |
| Ratio | has equal or common units of measurement and a true zero (weight, shot put distance) |
| Leptokurtic | high middle numbers |
| mesokurtic | normal curve |
| platykurtic | almost flat curve, all evenly spread out |
| z formula | z= (x-m)/s |
| the level of measurement, that at best, can rank subjects is | ordinal |
| What percent of cases would you find a distribution between the median and p75? | 25% (median =p50 75-50 =25) |
| A distribution with many high scores than love scores is skewed | negatively skewed |
| classifying subjects as athletes or non athletes, male or female, new york or hawaii is an example of which measurement scale? | nominal scale |
| What is a characteristic of a ratio scale measurement? | it has a real zero |
| what is a characteristic of a interval scale? | it has an arbitrary zero |
| What measure of central tendency is most appropriate for ordinal scale measurements | either mode or mean |
| True or false, a frequency polygon is composed of a series of rectangles | True |
| Positively skewed distribution order | mode, median mean |
| negatively skewed distribution order | mean median mode |
| the best reason to use t scores with a three item basketball test is to | add different test scores |
| given variance=100, p16=985 what is the mean | 995 (see quiz 3 #5) 50-x=16 sd= sq root of var (100=10)(x=-34 -->z=-1.0) -1.0=(985-m)/10) |
| what t score value is associated with a score of 15 form a distribution having a mean and sd of 25 and 0 | 40 (see q 8 on quiz #3( |
| True or False, measurement on the nominal scale is accurately described as quantitative measurement | False |
| How many students out of 100 would be between z scores of -.33 and .94 | 46 (see question 10 on quiz 3) |
| describe Data view of SPSS | this is the view where you literally insert the data under the corresponding labels that were entered in the variable view |
| describe the variable view of SPSS | this is where you assign columns, rows, labels, or input special functions to happen to the data when it is assigned. It is also where you say if the data will be numerical etc |
| your t score is 68, what is your percentile? | 96.41% (page 3 question one of exam 1) |
| The percentage of variance in one variable accounted for or shared by another variable is denoted by what statistic? | r^2 (coefficient of determination) |
| Direct relationship | positive relationship, as one variable goes up, the other goes up |
| Indirect relationship | negative relationship, as one variable goes up, the other will go down |
| p>.05 indicates that | the null hypothesis is retained |
| which of the followin doesnt belong: criterion variable, independent variable, dependent variable, response variable | Independent variable |
| a researcher investigated the relationship between vitamin c and workers on the frequency of colds what is the independent variable? | Vitamin C and workers |
| a researcher investigated the relationship between vitamin c and workers on the frequency of colds what is the dependent variable? | Colds |
| inferential statistics are used to decide if differences among treatment groups are the result of the_____ or the _____ | independent variable; chance error |
| What is the appropriate inferential statistical test for examining the difference between two means? | t test |
| The alternate hypothesis suggests that two groups of subjects represent _____ population | different; the same |
| When a researcher rejects H0 when H0 is false, she has | made a correct decision |
| Mean=500 s=100 rxx'=.64; what is the SEM | 60 (chapter 6 quiz 8 q 1) |
| Mean=500 s=100 rxx'=.64; estimate the true variance for this test | .64(100)^2= st^2 (chapter 6 quiz 8 q 2) |
| mean=500 s=100 rxx'=.64; jon scored a 400 on the test, how likely is it that his true score is greater than 460? | 15.87 (chapter 6 quiz quiz 8 q 4) |
| Habitual physical inactivity in elementary chool is said to lead to cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Which type of validity is described? | predictive validity |
| What effect does fatigue have on reliability? | fatigue decreases reliability |
| What is the general relationship between the standard error of measurement and test reliability? | they are inversely related |
| The spearman-brown prophecy formula is used in conjunction with what other method of calculating reliability coefficients? | split-halves |
| Why is test validity so important? | it is an indication of the tests ability to measure what it reports to measure |
| What are norm-referenced standards most appropriate for? | comparing students |
| If there is little variability in a measure from time to time (repeat), it is said to be | reliable |
| What happens to the SEE as the correlation between x & y goes up? | it goes down |
| Statement that could be true about the relationships among objectivity, reliability, and validity of a test | I can be reliable, and objective, but not valid |
| reliability example | day 1 day 2 |
| objectivity example | judge 1 judge 2 |
| validity example | criterion, field test |
| equivalence reliability | form A form B |
| # of predictors in a simple regression | 1 predictor |
| # of predictors in a multiple regression | multiple predictors |
| What is the major difference between simple and multiple regression? | number of predictors |
| The square of the correlation coefficient indicates | the percentage of variance in common to the two variables |
| a correlation of .8 is considered | a high correlation |
| What is the primary purpose of correlational research? | to study the relationships among variables |
| What statistic is a measure of the variance accounted for between two variables? | r^2 |
| Which symbol indicates Pearsons correlation coefficient? | r |
| What does the SEE tell you? | how much error there is in prediction |
| if no relationship exists between two variables, a plot of matched points would look like | a circle |
| Method used to test the association between two nominal variables | chi-square |
| what is the most important information reported as the result of a chi-square, t test, or ANOVA? | the probability |
| What is an alternate term for independent variable? | treatment variable |
| A researcher investigated the relationship between age and gender on body fat. What is the independent variables | gender and age |
| A researcher investigated the relationship between age and gender on body fat. What is the dependent variables | body fat |
| What is an alternate term for dependent variable? | outcome variable |
| A one way ANOVA may be used to analyze the data form an experiment with | one independent variable, and one dependent variable |
| If a researcher accepts teh null hypothesis yet the null is really false, the researcher committed a | type II error |
| the measure of the variable of interest in a sample is called the | statistic |
| the hypothesis that the researcher actually believes will occur is called the | research hypothesis |
| the hypothesis that is the statement of no relation is called the | null hypothesis |
| If the alpha level is changed from .05 to .01 this | increases the probability of a Type II error |
| When do you make a Type 1 error? | when you falsely reject the null hypothesis |
| What is the difference between an independent t test and a paired t test | whether the people in each group can be matched in some way |
| A parameter comes from a population where as a statistic comes from a | sample |
| Consistency is the chief quality of | reliability |
| A tennis coach wants to study the variance among three 30 second trials of tennis wall volleys. What rocedure will she use | Intraclass reliability coefficient |
| What is the relationship between the true score variance and the reliability of a test? | they are directly related |
| What is the difference between reliability and objectivity? | reliability relates to time, objectivity relates to scorers |
| What conditions would result in the largest value for the standard error of measurement? | low reliability with a heterogeneous group |
| randomized clinical trial | randomly assigned subjects to treatments or exposures |
| community trial | randomly assign communities to treatments or exposures |
| Cases series | noting cases at a particular time or place |
| cross-sectional | a snapshot of identifiable groups at one point in time |
| proportionate morbidity study | compare results of a study group to the population |
| case-control | known cases of mortality or morbidity are compared to matched non cases |
| cohort | longitudinal, long term tracking of population |
| Incidence | number, rate, proportion of NEW cases of mortality and morbidity. Incidence could be calculated in a randomized clinical trial or a prospective cohort study |
| Prevalence | the number, proportion, rate, or percentage of total cases of mortality and morbidity. Prevalence would be calculated in a cross sectional study |
| Absolute risk | the risk of mortality in a population that is exposed or not exposed to a risk factor |
| Relative risk | the ratio of risks between the exposed or unexposed populations this statistic is calculated with incidence measures |
| Odds ratio | an estimate of relative risk used in prevalence studies |
| Attributable risk | the risk of mortality and morbidity directly related to a risk factor. it can be thought of as the reduction in risk related to removing a risk factor |
| What type of ambiguity do you want? | extrinsic |
| Item difficulty | percent answering correctly |
| Item discrimination | how valid the item is |
| 5 areas of Motor fitness | speed, agility, power, hand eye coordination, balance |
| 5 components of health related fitness | muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, body composition, flexibility |
| Concentric | muscle generates force as it shortens; tricep |
| Eccentric | muscle generates force as it lengthens; bicep |
| Isometric | muscle generates force but remains static in length and cause no movement |
| Isotonic | generates force to move constant load at full ROM and variable speed |
| Isokenetic | muscle generates force at a constant speed through full ROM |
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