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Final GIS 266

Mary Beth Master GIS version 4 chapter 7-12

QuestionAnswer
List the main types of topographical errors a. Adjacency i. Boundaries not matching b. Connectivity i. Gaps in lines or “dangles” c. Intersection i. Not connecting at nodes d. Overlap i. Lines and boundaries crossing over themselves
Which type of snapping (end, vertex, or edge) would work best in the following situations- Digitizing streams? End
Which type of snapping (end, vertex, or edge) would work best in the following situations- Digitizing parcels? Vertex
Which type of snapping (end, vertex, or edge) would work best in the following situations- Digitizing streets? Edge
Which type of snapping (end, vertex, or edge) would work best in the following situations- Digitizing traffic lights at intersections? Vertex
Which type of snapping (end, vertex, or edge) would work best in the following situations- Digitizing stream gages on streams? Edge
How are editing functions and options accessed in ArcMap? Editor toolbar
If a data layer is in UTM coordinates and the data frame is set to State Plane coordinates, in which coordinate system will the edits be stored? Edits will automatically be converted to the CS of the layer being edited, regardless of the CS of the data frame
True or false? Because you can Undo edits, it is not necessary to make a backup copy of any data set before editing. Explain your answer. False. Glitches/crashes can occur and corrupt files that are being worked on. Also once changes are saved, it clears the undo memory.
When you create a new feature, how do you specify which layer it belongs to? Within Feature Template Properties
What are dangles and how are they prevented? A line feature that fails to connect to another line feature, leaving a gap. They are prevented by snapping features.
What is the purpose of the Auto Complete task? Auto Complete Polygon tool ensures that an adjacent polygon will share the same coincident boundary.
Auto Complete task? What errors does it prevent? It prevents gaps and overlaps.
How many context menus can you access while sketching? How do you control which one you get? There are 2 context menus: • Vertex menu o Right-click on the sketch • Sketch menu o Right-click off the sketch
How can feature templates save the user from typing in attribute values? By using the Attribute window, you can update attribute values that are part of the feature template, thereby applying those values to all features using that template
How does a clip function differ from Select By Location? A clip works like a cookie cutter to truncate the features of one file based on the outline of another. Select by location is a spatial query just based on if one feature is within, intersects, or is near another feature.
Write a valid SQL expression to select cites between 1000 and 10,000 people using a field called POP2000. SELECT *FROM cities WHERE “POP2000” = > 1000 AND “POP2000” < = 10000
Write a valid SQL expression to select all counties whose names begin with the letter Q. a. SELECT *FROM counties WHERE “NAME” LIKE ‘Q%’ (shapefile) b. SELECT *FROM counties WHERE “NAME” LIKE ‘Q*’ (geodatabase)
Let T be a standing table containing all students attending a community college in NY. Let A be a subset of students living in NJ. Let B be the students with a GPA higher than 3.0. The query A AND B yields Records? 200 people in NJ with GPA > 3.0
Let T be a standing table containing all students attending a community college in NY. Let A be a subset of students living in NJ. Let B be the students with a GPA higher than 3.0. The query A Or B yields Records? 1100 people are living in NJ or have a GPA >3.0
Let T be a standing table containing all students attending a community college in NY. Let A be a subset of students living in NJ. Let B be the students with a GPA higher than 3.0. The query A NOT B yields Records? 400 people living in NJ have a GPA < 3.0
Let T be a standing table containing all students attending a community college in NY. Let A be a subset of students living in NJ. Let B be the students with a GPA higher than 3.0. How many students live in NJ? 200 + 400 = 600
Let T be a standing table containing all students attending a community college in NY. Let A be a subset of students living in NJ. Let B be the students with a GPA higher than 3.0. How many students have a GPA higher than 3.0? 500 + 200 = 700
Let A be a subset of students living in NJ. Let B be the students with a GPA higher than 3.0. Can you determine the number of students attending the community college? No, you cannot determine the total number of students at the college. There are students outside the sets A and B, who are not from New Jersey and have a GPA <=3.0
What does it mean to set the selectable layers? What is the default setting? a. You can choose what layers are selectable by going into the table of contents and viewing the List by Selection option. From there, you can turn on or off what layers are selectable by cursor. b. by default, all features are selectable
Trail mix composed of peanuts, raisins, almonds, cashews, dried cranberries, and chocolate candies colored red, green, yellow, and orange. Create a new selection all candies Add cashews,Remove red and green candies,Select all nuts and candies Yellow, Orange Candies, Cashews
For each of the following queries, state whether the syntax is correct or incorrect. If incorrect, explain why. ZONE = ‘COM’ AND ZONE = ‘RES’ Incorrect, use OR
For each of the following queries, state whether the syntax is correct or incorrect. If incorrect, explain why. COVTYPE = ‘SPRUCE’ AND CROWNCOV > 50 Correct
For each of the following queries, state whether the syntax is correct or incorrect. If incorrect, explain why. POP2000 > 2000 OR POP2000 < 9000 Incorrect, use AND
For each of the following queries, state whether the syntax is correct or incorrect. If incorrect, explain why. INCOME < 100000 AND INCOME > 50000 Correct
What is an operator? An operator takes and action or compares two entities
Describe and give examples of each of the following: Arithmetic operators +, -, /, * perform mathematic operations
Describe and give examples of each of the following: Logical operators <, > and = test relationships
Describe and give examples of each of the following: Spatial operators Containment, intersection, and proximity test a spatial condition
Describe and give examples of each of the following: Boolean operators AND, OR, XOR, and NOT test true/false conditions
List some advantages of creating a new layer from the selected features. Creating a new layer allows the selection to be stored, displayed, and passed on to tools or commands.
What primary characteristic distinguishes a spatial join from an attribute join? They are joined based on location rather than a common attribute.
What 2 options may be used to handle one-to-many relationships in a spatial join? Summarized inside and summarized distance joins
If a polygon feature type is joined to a line layer, with the lines as the destination table, what will the feature type of the output layer be? Line
How many output fields will result if a summarized join is specified and a single statistic (e.g. Sum) is selected? Sums of all the numeric fields and a count field. String fields are omitted since they can’t have statistics performed on them.
Why should distance joins always be performed on layers with a projected coordinate system? What kind of projection should be used? i. Unions = polygons ii. Intersect = points, lines, or polygons
What is the most important difference between a spatial join and a map overlay? A map overlay splits features when they partly overlap. This enforces a one-to-one relationship between features when attributes are joined in the output.
What are slivers? Explain how they can be prevented. Extraneous polygons or lines that appear when overlaying layers. They can be prevented by setting an XY tolerance when overlaying (combines vertices that fall close together).
What is a buffer? Polygon constructions that enclose the area within a certain distance of features.
Why is a dissolve often performed when buffering features? A dissolve is usually performed to get rid of boundaries between buffers that overlap.
What function would you use to create a map of a study area such that all the features in the map stopped at the study area boundary? You can use the processing extent section under Environment Settings to set the size of the area to be analyzed.
What attribute fields will be present in a layer resulting from a dissolve? There will only be the single attribute on which the dissolve was based, unless the user specifies additional fields.
Why is it usually advantageous to use a projected coordinate system when doing a map overlay? It will preserve the distance measurements and will not result in distances in decimal degrees.
How can you determine the areas of polygons in a geodatabase? Geodatabases automatically create area and perimeter fields in their attribute tables
How can you determine the areas of polygons in a Shapefile? Shapefiles must have area and length fields manually added and updated
What determines the coordinate system of the output when overlay is used? The CS will either match i. The feature dataset the output is placed into ii. Environment settings specified by the user iii. Or the first input into the tool
What is geoprocessing? Stringing together a sequence of commands or functions during spatial analysis
In what different ways can geoprocessing commands be executed? Executed by i. ArcToolbox ii. Menus iii. Command lines iv. Model builder v. Scripts
What is meant by the term logical consistency? Making sure that features are free of geometric errors and that their topological relationships are adequate for the purpose intended.
What two approaches are helpful in digitizing complexly related polygons? a. Divide and conquer = starts by digitizing the outline then the Cut Polygons tool carves out smaller polygons from the initial one. b. Adding territory = Starts with one polygon and adds additional ones with the Auto Complete Polygon tool.
What is the difference between modifying a feature and reshaping a feature? i. Modify = adding, deleting, or moving vertices ii. Reshaping = replacing a section with a new sketch
What is the difference between a union and a merge? i. Union = creates a new single or multipart feature and leaves the originals as they were (creates new feature) ii. Merge = takes two or more features and combines them into a single feature or multipart feature
What determines the direction of a newly created line? Lines have a direction beginning at a “from” node and ending at a “to” node as initially digitized
Examine figure 12.17. In (a), the polygons were created one after the other using Create New Feature. In (b), a clip was performed after digitizing the second polygon. They look identical, but they are not. What is the difference? In (a) the larger polygon extends beneath the smaller one, and in (b) it does not. Thus, the area of the outer ring polygon is larger in (a)
What is a cluster tolerance? What does it do? A defined distance used in topological editing, causing vertices to be made coincident if they are closer together than the tolerance distance.
What are the differences between using MAP Topology and using planar topology during editing? Map topology = can be used with ArcGIS Basic license. Allows features that share vertices or boundaries to be edited simultaneously with the Topology Edit tool. Creates a temporary Relationship
What are the differences between using map topology and using PLANAR TOPOLOGY during editing? Planar topology = can be used with ArcGIS Standard or Advanced. The participating features classes must be within a feature dataset. Uses the same tools as map topology but has more tool and capabilities for finding and fixing errors.
How are Map and Planar Topology similar? They both need to have selected the feature calls which will be participating in the data set
What is validation? Test features against the assigned rules and automatically repairs some errors using cluster tolerance. Unfixed errors may be visually inspected and repaired during editing
Created by: Sevcav
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