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PhysActiv&Disability
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hydrocephalus | CSF in ventricles of brain and are removed with the insertion of a shunt |
| Spina Bifida | Congenital, Neural arch doesnt close around spinal cord. |
| Meningomyelocele | Most common form of sina bifida; Spinal cord and roots fill tumerous sac |
| Meningocele | type of spina bifida, spinal cord covering exposed |
| Spina Bifida Occulta | is under the skin, no paralysis or weakness |
| Juvenile Rheumatoid | 2-4,8-11, more females, 70,000 kids |
| Systemic | entire body |
| Peripheral | joints only |
| OSteoarthritis | 50 + years, joint replacements pain, swell, heat, red, pain worse later in the day, relieved by medication |
| Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis | 20+ years, pain and stiffness in morning, relieved by gentle exercise, most common in females under 50 |
| Dwarfism | LPA 4'10 DAAA 5'0 genetic 100,000 in US, skeletal dysplasia, common dislocations at shoulder, elbow, hip, knee |
| Proportionate Dwarfism | short but proportionate limbs and torso result from a Growth Hormone deficiency |
| Disproportionate Dwarfism | Average torso and short limbs |
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | Brittle bone disease, inherited, affect collagen fibers in connective tissue, breakage most common a 2-15 years old, short, bowedlimbs, barrel or pigeon chest |
| Arthrogryposis | nonprogresive congenital contracture syndrome, birth defect, internal rotation of shoulders, pronate forearm, outward flex at hip |
| Muscular Sclerosis | progressive; nerve fiber demylination, 500,000 cases in teh US 20-40 y.o., more females, numb, weak, slurred speech. Appropriate activities are swimming, biking, stretching |
| Muscular Dystrophy - Limb Girdle | Occurs after age 10, shoulder girdle, hip and thigh |
| Muscular Dystrophy Facio-Scapular Humeral | Most common in adults, shoulder , face, hip, thigh |
| Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne | Most common in children 4-7, waddling gait, locomotor tasks, falls, Gowers sign, lordosis, Hypertrophy appearance. Affects gluts, abs, erector spinae, anterior tibialis |
| Muscular Dystrophy | Muscular weakness attributed to pathological, biomechanical, and electrical changes that occur in the muscular fibers; connective tissue replaces muscle. Unknown cause, more males, 250,000 |
| Special Olympics | 1968, 8yrs+, must have Intellectual Disability, age, sex, ability dividing, 10% rule, segregation vs integration, use of huggers |
| Mental Retardation | Sinificant limitation in intellectual functioning, significant limitation in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills, originates before age 18 |
| Mental Retardation IQ Scale | Mild 50-55 to 70-75, Moderate 35-40 to 50-55, severe 20-25 to 35-40, profound below 20-25 |
| Intermittent | limited support needs learning rate 40-70% of those without intellectual disabilities |
| Alzheimers with Downs | Majority develop it, more common in females, ealier onset, age 51 |
| Down Syndrome | genetic (trisomy 21), hypotonia, hyperflexibility, atlanto-axial instability (c1/c2) |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | #1 cause of birth defects, 50,000 year, leads to MR, heart defects, hyperactivity, short attention span LD, Vision and hearing problems |
| Criterion Test Types | C-TAPE, Brockport, Activitygram, Milani-comparetti |
| Brigance Diagnostic Inventory of Early Development | Norm-referenced |
| Adapted Physical Education Assessment Scale | Criterion referenced |
| Brockport physical Fitness Test | Criterion |
| TGMD2 | Norm and Criterion referenced, more criteria, 3-10 years old, tests 12 fundamental gross motor skills |
| B.O.T. | Norm referenced, 4-14 years old, ability, running, speed, agility, balance, bilateral coordination, special trianing to use equipment |
| Formal Mental Operation | age 11-up, involve understanding, application, and creation of formal thought structures, cause and effect relationships |
| Concrete Mental Operations | Ages 7-11, Concrete mental operations, affected by body comp, height, weight, motor skills, fitness |
| Preoperational Performances | Ages 2-7, receptive and expressive language, attention and memory capabilities |
| Sensorimotor Performances | Ages 0-2, beginning locomotor, objec control, social play behaviors |
| Ecological Assessment | What takes to get from point a to point b |
| Aggression | hitting, kicking, biting, pinching, throwing |
| Non compliance | refusal to complete task purposely finish poorly |
| Self-indulgence | crying, pouting, whining, tantrum |
| Positive Reinforcement Techniques | Social praise, token economy, behavioral contracts, group consequence, Premack principle |
| Premack Principle | to elicit less preferred activity |
| Extinction | withhold something thats been praised |
| Reprimand | take away recess or field trip (not taking away others instructional time) |
| Continum of behavior managment | Antecedent Behavior Consequence |
| Antecedent | Stimulus, cue |
| Behavior | response |
| Consequence | Feedback |
| ADHD Medication | Ritalin, dexedrine, benzedrine, cyclert |
| Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) | Type of LD, daily activity below that of his age, motor deficiency, 2 standard deviation away from norm |
| ADHD | Type of Learning disrder, easily distracted, combined type, predominate inattentive, or predominate hyperactive, cause is by interaction of neuroloical, genetic, and psychosocial factors, 25-50% LD's have ADHD |
| Learning Disorder | Caused by CNS dysfunction in produce, processing info, affect speech, skill, listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, include perceptal disabilities, brain injury, and dyslexia |
| Ataxic Cerebral Palsy | Hypotonic muscle- almost no muscle, poor balance, lesion to cerebellum |
| Spastic Cerebral Palsy | Hypertonic, very rigid muscle, cocontraction, contractures, limited ROM, SCISSOR GAIT, abduct muscles, walk on toes, lose balance, lesion to motor cortex |
| Athetosis Cerebral Palsy | Fluctuating muscle tone, normal ROM, lesion to basal ganglia |
| Long Term Goals | Broad, annual statements target areas, what to accomplish in a year |
| Example of Long Term Goal | John will improve abdominal strength |
| Example of Short Term Objectives | John will perform 3 bent knee sit ups with assisstance |
| Short Term Objectives | specific, sequential, measurable benchmarks |
| Legislation | making of the laws |
| Litigation | court cases, use of judicial system to force creation or compliance of laws |
| Principles of zero reject | 1972 PARC vs. Pennsylvania, no child can be excluded from public school, led to PL 94-142 |
| Amber Tatro VS. Irving ISD | Spina Bifida, needed catherized, ISD denied public schooling because couldnt provide service |
| Numbering Laws | 94-142 (94-congress, 142-laws order) |
| Appropriation | decision making about the amount to be given each year to particular programs |
| Authorization | reauthorization happens every 3 years, authorizing a mandate that empowers congress to grant $ to carry out intent of law |
| Civil Right Laws | rehab sec. 504, ADA |
| Education Laws | PL 94-142, IDEA |
| Sports Laws | Amateur Sports act |
| PL 93-112 Rehabilitation Amendment Sec. 504 | Public institutions had to be accessible, PE had to be equal, education comparable to that of students without disabilities |
| IDEA | PE services, free, appropriate, and in the least restrictive environment, instructional services=direct services |
| Physical Education | fundamental motorskills and patterns, physical and motor fitness, acquatics, dance |
| Americans with Disabilities Act | PL 101-336 (1990), public accomodations |
| Developmental Disabilities Assistance Act | PL 101-496 independence, productivity, integration into community, grant funds, readily achievable modifications |
| Individual family service plan | 0-2 yr, 3-5 yr unidentified disability in eutero |
| PLP | statement of present/current level |
| Phocomelia | absence of middle segment (congenital) |
| Other Health Impairments | Limited strength, vitatlity, alertness, due to chronic or acute health problms that adversely affect educational performance |
| Rett | 1/10,000-15,000 females impaired, expressive language stereotypic hand moves |
| Classic Autism | abnormal behavior, isolation, occasional retardation |
| Aspergers | high level, motor clumsiness, family history, more males |
| Hearing loss Stats | Mostly males, 7-15% of population 45-64 11%, 65-74 30%, 75+ 50% |
| Conductive | external & Middle ear |
| Sensorimotor | inner ear |
| Uses hearing aids | External, middle ear, conductive |
| Hard of hearing (parts of ear affected) | external and middle ear |
| Deaf (part of ear affected) | inner ear |
| Levels of hearing loss | Moderate 55-69 dB, severe 70-89 db, Profound 90+ |
| Determinants of Communication | age of loss, training, ability, culture |
| single leg amputees | crutch, flex foot, wheelchair |
| Double leg amputees | walk on stumps, wheelchairs, prosthesis |
| Limb deficiencies | phocomelia, dysmelia, 2x common as acquired, lower more than upper |
| Dysmelia | absent arm or legs |
| Cardiovascular disorder | affecting heart, vein, and lymphatic, either acquired or congenital |
| Asthma | different triggers, exercise induced, viral induced, exercise may be beneficial, inhalers, humidity |
| seizure disorder | acquired, 2% of population, high pH, hyperventiation, hyperhydration, fatigue, stress |
| partial seizures | focal, with and without impairment of consciousness |
| Generalized seizure | absence and tonic clonic |
| Tonic | constant muscle contractions, phase lasts about 30 seconds |
| Clonic | contraction and relaxation of muscles, 2-3 minutes, can cause loss of bladder control |
| Aura | associated with seizure, refers to smell, lights, sinking feelings |
| Diabetes | chronic metabolic disorder characterized by inability of the cells to use glucose |
| Diabetes etiology | 2-4% population, increase with age, increase blindness, CHD, and aputations |
| Type I diabetes | Insulin-dependent, juvenile onset of diabetes, 10%, before age 20 or 25, sender, drowsy, cant produce insulin |
| Hyperglycemia | forgot insulin, poor diet, infection, coma, medical attention |
| Hypoglycemia | excess activity without food, pale, sweaty palsm, weak , jerky movements, give sugar or additonal food |
| Type II diabetes | non insulin dependent diabetes, after 20 years old, excess body fat |
| Acquired deafness | adventitiously deaf |
| Prelingual | before development of language |
| Postlingual | after development of language |
| Other Health Impairment examples | diabetes, seizures, cardiovascular disease |
| Gerontology | scientific study of again that examines individual differences including biological, psychological, and sociological perpectives |
| Chronological age | number of years since birth |
| life expectancy | average number of years remaining |
| cohort | group of people with similar life experience |
| morbidity | absence of health |
| Immediate benefits of physical activity | relaxation, reduces stress and anxiety, enhanced mood state |
| long term benefits of physical activity | general well-being, improve mental |
| Insulin dependent | Type I diabetes |
| noninsulin dependent | Type II |
| Silent killer | hypertension |
| calcium channel blockers | reduces constriction in blood vessels |
| angiotensin convertingenzyme inhibitors | allow blood vessels to dilate |
| Leading cause of death in US | coronary heart disease |
| osteopenia | loss of bone mass |
| osteoporosis | combination of osteopenia and mechanical failure of the skeleton |
| Rain Man | suffers from autism |
| dementia | loss of memory and other intellectual capacities |
| Parkinson's Disease | progressive neurological disorder that is most commonly seen in individuals older than 50, degeneration of neurons cause loss of dopamine |
| legal blindness | 20/200 |
| B3 classification | most useful vision |
| Problems of balance and agility adaptions | lower center of gravity, extend arms, wide support base, |
| problems of strength and endurance | lower height, reduce weight size, distance, frequent roation |
| problems of coordination and accuracy | larger, lighter balls, practice distance first, increase goal size, attach ball to string or use backdrop |
| Intrasensory integration | enhanced function in one sensory system |
| Intersensory integration | enhanced interaction between two or more sensory systems |
| CNS | brain and spinal cord |
| PNS | 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 12 pair of spinal nerves |
| Afferent | sensory info, dorsal (back) ascending sensory tract |
| Efferent | motor commands, ventral (front) motor tract |
| Brain stem | regulate muscle and posture tone, rflex and attention |
| Midbrain | regulates postural reaction that enable stability and mobility |
| Cerebellum | automatic performance of skilled movement |
| Cerebrum | Cerebral cortex |
| Cerebral cortex | where sensory info is processed and organized |
| Limbic system | regulates emotion |
| Basal ganglia | enable steady postures and movement wihtout tremors |
| Thalamus | relay station for sensory impulses |
| Cortical disorder | perceptual motor intervention, responsive to ordinary teaching method |
| Subcortical disorders | do not resond to ordinary teaching methods, sensorimotor intervention |
| Cortical Functions | functions of the cerebral cortex and the cortical tracts, performs all hihger-level funcions, help regulate excitation and inhibition process, carry impulses form one part of brain to the other |
| Subcortical functions | skilled movements, no conscious attention |
| Muscle tone | contractile tension or firmness within a muscle or group of muscles |
| Postural tone | mobility and stability functional capacity of the total body |
| Reciprocal innervation | regulates muscle and postural tone, muscle on surface contract while opposite surface relax |
| Hypertonia | stiffness and spasticity |
| fluctuating tone | mixed cerebral palsy |
| Hypovestibular | love to spin |
| Hypervestibular | avoid spinning |
| Tropic orthoptic vision | misalignment when tired |
| Phoric orthoptic vision | sits in misalignment 24/7 |
| Refractive problems | fixed with glasses |
| Opthamalic problems | fixed with surgery |
| Assymetrical tonic neck reflex | classic fencer position |
| ATNR | emphasize head turn |
| STNR | emphasize head up and down |
| TLR-Prone | extension |
| TLR-Supine | flexion |
| Righting reactions | adjustments of the head or trunk |
| parachute reactions | protective extension movements of the limbs |
| equilibrium reactions | total body responses |
| Neurodevelopmental theorist | karel and berta bobath |
| reflex-testing theorist | mary fiorentino |
| sensory integration theorist | jean ayres |
| Systems theory | framework for explaining and predicting the involvement of all the bodily systems as well as biolmechanical forces like gravity and inertia |
| dynamic systems theory | function drives movement behavior, multilevel subsystems |
| eclectic theory | several theories, individuals with severe brain damage might lack the capacity for the self-organizing behavior is central to dynamic systems theory |
Created by:
breakerstcu
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