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kinesiology
knee, ankle, foot
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal fibula, patella are _________ of the knee? | osteology |
| medial and lateral condyle are located _______ the medial and lateral epicondyle in the distal femur. | below |
| _________ lies between the articular surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles of the distal femur. | intercondylar notch |
| the path of contact of the patella is the ____________ | intercondylar groove |
| proximal tibia; on both sides of the tibia are________ and _________ condyles of the tibia. | medial and lateral |
| lateral and medial intercondylar tubercles are part of the __________ | intercondylar eminence |
| anterior surface of the tibia is the __________ | tibia tuberosity |
| the fibular head and tibia at the proximal fibula form what joint? | tibiofemoral joint |
| this firm, distal attachment of the LCL and biceps femoris muscle is what joint? | tibiofemoral joint |
| what type of bone is the patella? | seasmoid bone |
| the superior pole accepts the quadriceps at the ? | patella |
| the inferior pole accepts the proximal side of the patella ligament / tendon at the ? | patella |
| the posterior articular surface articulates with the ___________ of the femur through the medial and lateral facets. | intercondylar groove |
| the articulation between the tibia and femur is what type of joint? | tibiofemoral joint |
| the articulation between the patella and femur is what type of joint? | patellofemoral joint |
| tibiofemoral joint allows _____ degrees of freedom. | 2 |
| tibiofemoral is what kind of joint? | condyloid joint |
| (flexion and extension )- on what plane of motion and axis of rotation does this motion occur? | medial- lateral , saggital |
| tibiofemoral hyperextension is ________ to __________ flexion. | 0-5 degrees (hyperextension ), 0-140 degrees (flexion) |
| (IR and ER)- on what plane of motion and axis of rotation does this motion occur and called axial rotation? | transverse , vertical |
| _________ arthrokinematics is based on the concave tibial condyles rotating around the convex condyles of the femur. | open-chain |
| _________ extension is based on a roll-and- slide pattern occurring in opposite directions. | closed-chain |
| ________ and ________ are accompanied by slight rotational movements. | flexion and extension |
| the knee nears full extension, the knee rotates externally about ________ degrees . | 10-15 degrees |
| automatic rotation assists in "locking" the knee is called the ? | screw- home mechanism |
| articulation formed between the posterior surface of the patella and the intercondylar groove of the femur is what type of joint? | patellofemoral joint |
| what joint improves the moment arm for the quadriceps ? | patellofemoral joint |
| after a patellectomy, the quadriceps must produce ____% more force. | 25% |
| an increased muscle force may cause fatigue , or damage to _________ joint. | patellofemoral joint |
| tibiofemoral open packed position is ______ degrees of flexion and _____ extention and ER. | 25 and full |
| the neck and the shaft of the femur are the ? | angle of inclination |
| what impact does the angle of inclination have on the knee? | knot kneed or bow legged |
| the femur usually meets the tibia to form a lateral angle of 170-175 . this is called ? | normal genu valgum |
| genu valgum for knot kneed is less than ______ degrees. | 170 degrees |
| genu varum for bow legged is greater than _______ degrees. | 180 degrees |
| cruciate means_______? | cross |
| this ligament resists anterior translation of the tibia relative to a fixed femur. name the ligament? Also you can test this ligament by using the anterior draw test. | ACL |
| this ligament resists posterior translation of the tibia relative to a fixed femur. name the ligament? Also you can test this ligament by using the posterior draw test. | PCL |
| this ligament spans medial side of the knee and resists valgus producing forces : some fibers attach to the medial meniscus. name this ligament. | MCL |
| this ligament spans lateral side of the knee and resists varus producing forces. name this ligament? | LCL |
| this structure prevents hyperextension and includes 2 major ligaments: arcuate popliteal ligament and oblique popliteal ligament ( back of knee). what structure is this? | posterior capsule |
| crescent- shaped fibrocartilaginous discs. this is the _______ and ________ meniscus | medial and lateral |
| absorbs compressive forces across the knee caused by muscular contraction and body weight is the ______ and ________ meniscus. | medial and lateral |
| this structure reduces pressure across the knee and "deepens" the knee socket, further stabilizing the joint. what is this structure? | medial and lateral meniscus |
| the inner 1/3 essentially avascular ( no blood flow) is located in the ________ and ________ meniscus . | medial and lateral |
| meniscus connects to the ? | MCL |
| this nerve supplies sole source of innervation to the quadriceps . name the nerve. | femoral nerve |
| this nerve innervates the semitendinosus , semimembranosus , and long head of the biceps femoris . name the nerve. | sciatic nerve (tibia portion) |
| this nerve innervates the short head of the biceps femoris. name the nerve. | sciatic nerve ( peroneal portion) |
| this nerve innervates most of the hip adductor muscles. name the nerve. | obturator nerve |
| this angle describes overall line of force of the quadriceps relative to the knee. the normal is 15 degrees . what is this angle? | Q- angle |
| the larger the angle, the greater the lateral force on the patella. this is the ? | Q-angle |
| excessive lateral tracking of the patella increases pressure and friction within PFJ. name the angle. | Q-angle |
| ________ Q-angle is greater than men because of child bearing hips; greater pull on the knee. | women |
| rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius (deep) are knee______? | extensors |
| semimembranosus , semitendinosus , biceps femoris ( long and short heads), gracilis, sartorius , gastrocnemius , plantaris, and popliteal are all knee______ | flexors |
| unlocking the knee is associated with what muscle? | popliteal |
| semimembranosus , semitendinosus , gracilis , sartorius and popliteal are all knee______ | IR |
| long and short head of biceps femoris are both knee _______ | ER |
| squatting _______ the forces at the force at the PFJ due to the strong activation of the quadriceps . proper form is essential. | increase |
| when you squat, you feel pressure in your _______ | heels |
| what can result when one has tight hamstrings? | posterior pelvic tilt |
| How do you properly stretch the hamstrings ? | stabilize the pelvis, preventing excessive posterior pelvic tilt |
| you see this more in boys and fragments of immature bone are pulled from the tibia tuberosity . what disease is this ? | osgood- schiatter disease |
| MCL, LCL,PCL, and ACL can have ________ injury. | ligamentous |
| ACL (torque), MCL, and medial meniscus are all _________ | terrible triad |
| partial knee replacement is linked to a painful ________ | total knee replacement |
| unable to extend the knee through the last 15-20 degrees is _________ | extensor lag |
| ___________ of the knee knee flexors and they can be done by passively extending the knee. | clinical conditions |
| what makes the ankle and foot so incredible? | mobility and stabilize foundation |
| superior to the talus. name the bone. | distal tibia |
| distal tibia, distal fibula , tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges are all osteology of the _______ and _______ | foot and ankle |
| superior to calcaneus. name the bone. | distal fibula |
| inferior to the talus. name the bones. | tarsals |
| distal to the tarsals. name the bones. | metatarsals |
| distal to the metatarsals. name the bones. | phalanges |
| on the medial side of the tibia. name the bone. | medial malleolus |
| on the lateral side of the fibula. name the bone. | lateral malleolus |
| the membrane between the tibia and fibula. what is this structure? | interosseous membrane |
| anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments are located in the _______ and ______ of the tibia and fibula. | front and back |
| how many tarsal bones are there and name them. | 7, talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, medial , intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms |
| the talus consists of a "tale cruel joint" called | trochlea |
| the calcaneus consists of 2 parts. what are they? | tuberosity and sustentaculum tali |
| the shaft to hold the talus in place is called? | sustentaculum tali |
| the 2nd Ray is more proximal because it has more? | stability |
| metatarsals have a base that is _______ and a shaft, head is _______. | concave and convex |
| what are the fundamental movements of the foot and ankle and what plan does this occur? | DF, PF, abduction, adduction (saggital plane) |
| this applied movement is combined movement of eversion, abduction, and DF. what is the movement? | pronation |
| this applied movement is combined movement of inversion, adduction and PF. what is the movement? | supination |
| name the 3 proximal joints of the ankle and foot. | talocrural, subtalar, transverse tarsal |
| name the 3 distal joints of the ankle and foot. | tarsometatarsal, metatarsophalangeal, interphalangeal |
| created by the articulation between the trochlea (dome) of the talus and the concavity formed by the distal tibia and fibula. what is this structure? | mortise (talocrural joint) |
| 1 degree of freedom permitting ankle DF and PF. name the joint and what plane does the motion occur in? | talocrural joint and saggital plane |
| what are the normal ranges of talocrural joint DF and PF? | DF- 0-20 degrees and PF- 0-50,60 degrees |
| _________( talocrural joint ) DF and PF occur as the convex trochlea rolls and slides in _________ direction within the concave mortise. | open- chain / opposite |
| with the foot fixed, the concavity formed by the mortise rolls and slides in the _______ direction over the convex dome of the talus. this is _______. | same/ closed- chain |
| name 5 structures that support the talocrural joint. | interosseous membrane, anterior and posterior tibiofibial ligaments, deltoid ligament, LCL |
| binds distal tibiofibular joint and also is injuried in a high ankle sprain. name 2 ligaments. | anterior and posterior tibiofibial ligaments |
| this ligament has 3 fibers and limits what motion because it is a supporting structure of the talocrural joint. name the ligament and motion. | deltoid/ eversion |
| this ligament is composed of anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular and also limits what motion because it is a supporting structure of the talocrural joint. name the ligament and motion. | LCL/ inversion |
| ______ is the most strongest ligament in the body | LCL |
| what is the most and least stable position of the talocrural joint? | DF(most stable), PF (least stable) |
| articulation between the facets on the inferior surface of the talus and matching facets on the superior surface of the calcaneus. name the joint and what type of joint. | subtalar joint (plane joint) |
| allows combined motions of inversion/ adduction and eversion/ abduction of foot. name the joint. | subtalar joint |
| what are the normal values for inversion and eversion of the subtalar joint? | inversion- 0- 25, 30 and eversion 0-15 |
| lateral malleolus limits what motion? | eversion |
| when looking from the back, calcaneal valgus is more to the____? | right |
| when looking from the back, calcaneal varus is more to the ____? | left |
| consists of the talonavicular and caicaneocuboid joints and also permits the most pure form of pronation and supination. name his tarsal. | transverse tarsal (midtarsal )joint |
| articulation of the metatarsal bases with the distal surfaces of 3 cuneiforms and cuboid (4th and 5th metatarsals) and is the 2nd most stable due to osseous anatomy. name this joint. | tarsometatarsal joint (distal joint of foot) |
| formed between the convex head of the metatarsals and the shallow concavity of the proximal phalanges. name the joint. | metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP) |
| biaxial condyloid joins and how many degrees of freedom are there? | Metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP)/ 2 |
| what are the normal ranges of the 1st MTP motion? | DF- 90 degrees (closed pack position ) and PF- 0-30,35 degrees |
| flexion/ extension and abduction/ adduction is reference for the___ toe. | 2nd |
| each toe has a proximal and distal interphalangeal joint with the exception of the great toe. name this joint. | interphalangeal joint |
| what type of joint, motion and normal ranges of motion occur for the interphalangeal joint? | hinge/ DF and PF/ 0 degrees or neutral position |
| talocrural joint open packed position ________ and closed packed position _______. | open packed - mid inversion/ eversion and 10 degrees PF and closed packed- full DF |
| subtalar joint open packed postion_______ and closed packed postion ________. | open packed -mid inversion/ eversion and 10 degrees PF and closed packed- full inversion |
| midtarsal joint open packed postion_________ and closed packed postion_________. | open packed -mid inversion / eversion and 10 degrees PF and closed packed - full supination |
| MTP open packed postion ________ and closed packed________. | open packed - neutral and closed packed - full extension |
| IP open packed postion________ and closed packed _______. | open packed- slight flexion and closed packed -full extension |
| ______ muscles of the foot are arranged into anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments. | extrinsic |
| each carport net is innervated by the tibial or common peroneal nerve arising from the sciatic nerve. what type of muscle is this? | extrinsic |
| tibial nerve bifurcated into the medial and lateral plantar nerves. what type of muscle is this? | intrinsic |
| these nerves innervate all intrinsic muscles of the foot , except for the extentensor digitorum brevis ( innervated by deep branch of peroneal nerve). what type of muscle is this? | intrinsic |
| ______ muscles have both proximal and distal attachments within the foot. | intrinsic |
| muscles have proximal attachments within the lower leg or distal femur, and or distal attachments within the foot. | extrinsic |
| ________ provide static control, dynamic thrust, and shock absorption to the distal lower extremity. | muscles |
| name 3 extrinsic muscles of the foot and ankle. | anterior , lateral, posterior compartment |
| tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus tertius are muscles of what compartment ? | anterior compartment |
| peroneus longus and peroneus brevis are both apart of what compartment ? | lateral compartment |
| gastrocnemius , soleus, and plantaris are in the superficial group (triceps sure) and all apart of what compartment ? | posterior compartment |
| tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus are in the deep group and all part of what compartment ? | posterior compartment |
| ____ muscles that originate and insert within the foot are largely responsible for the actions of the toes. | intrinsic |
| as a group these muscles stabilize the foot during push-off phase of walking or running. name the muscle group. | intrinsic |
| dorsum foot muscles includes extensor digitorum brevis is in the ______ muscle group. | intrinsic |
| instrinsic foot muscles (plantar aspect) : flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis and abductor digiti minimi are part of the ______ layer. | 1st |
| intrinsic foot muscles (plantar aspect) : quadratus plantae and four lumbricals are part of the _______ layer. | 2nd |
| intrinsic foot muscles (plantar aspect): adductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, and flexor digit minimi are part of the ______ layer. | 3rd |
| intrinsic foot muscles (plantar aspect): dorsal and plantar interossei are part of the ______ layer. | 4th |
| ___ is composed of primarily slow-twitch muscle fibers best equipped for standing or controlling "postural sway". (1 joint) | soleus |
| ______ is composed of more fast- twitch muscle fibers best equipped for sprinting and jumping. (2 joint) | gastrocnemius |
| _______ functions as a second class lever system, providing a mechanical system that favors strength over speed and range of motion. large moment arm of the gastrocnemius .( rising up on toes) | plantar flexors |
| a condition that may affect muscles attached to the medial and posterior sides of the tibia. name the condition. | shin splints |
| MTSS stands for? | Medial Tense Stress Syndrome |
| if the dorsiflexors are untrained or the mechanics of the foot and ankle are faulty, these muscles may become inflamed through overuse. name the condition . | shin splints |
| excessive pronation of the foot during running or walking often excerbates or contributes to _______. | shin splints |
| lateral sprains more common than medial sprains (distal fibula- lateral malleolus ). what type of sprain. | ankle sprain |
| why are lateral sprains more common than medial sprains? | lateral ligaments are thinner than medial ligaments |
| ankle dislocation, bi- malleolar or tri- malleolar are conditions of the ______ and _______. | foot and ankle |
| precursor to rupture of Achilles tendon. name the condition. | Achilles tendinitis |
| pain in the heel, worse upon waking in the morning and the plantar facia supports the medial longitudinal arch and acts as a shock absorber. name the condition. | plantar fasciitis |
| foot "drops" into plantar flexion as leg is advanced during swing phase of gait. name the condition . | drop foot |
| in order to prevent foot from dragging, often a "high stepping" gait is performed that appears like stepping over an imaginary obstacle. name the condition. | drop foot |
| deformity where the distal end points laterally (bunyon). name the condition. | hallucis valgus |
| DJD of the 1st MTP joint. name the condition . | hallucis rigidus |
| PIP flexed, DIP extended. name the condition. | hammer toe |
| PIP extended, DIP flexed. name the condition . | mallet toe |
| both PIP and DIP are flexed. name the condition . | claw toe |
| pain at the metatarsal heads (any pain in the region) .name the condition. | metatarsaigia |
| pressure on the plantar digital nerves ( high heels). name the condition . | Morton's Neuroma |
| traumatic hyperextension of 1st MTP. name the condition . | turf toe |
Created by:
Shannon10
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