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A Functional Relation
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Determinism
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Chapter 1 - Cooper
ABA
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A Functional Relation | A __________ exists when a well controlled experiment reveals that a specific change in the DV can reliably be produced by specific manipulations of the IV |
| Determinism | the assumption that the world is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur in relation to other events and not in a willy-nilly, accidental fashion |
| Empiricism | the objective observation of the phenomena; objective observations are independent of the observers prejudices, tastes and opinions |
| Experiment | A carefully conducted comparison of some measures of the phenomenon of interest (DV) under 2 or more different conditions in which only 1 factor at a time differs (IV) |
| Replication | repeating condition within an experiment to determine reliability of effects and increase internal validity |
| Parsimony | the act of ruling out simple, logical explanations, experimentally or conceptually, before considering more complex or abstract explanations |
| Philosophic Doubt | the attitude that requires the scientist to continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact |
| Science | A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world |
| Behaviorism | the philosophy of the science of behavior |
| Hypothetical Constructs | mediating variables inside the organism (cognitive processes, drives, and free will) (mentalilistic) |
| Experimental Analysis of Behavior | __________: the natural science approach to the study of behavior as a subject matter in its own right founded by Skinner |
| Applied Behavior Analysis | the science in which tactics derived from principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement of behavior |
| Mentalism | an approach to study behavior which assumes that a mental “inner” dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension |
| Explanatory Fiction | A mentalistic explanation of behavior |
| Methodological Behaviorism | A philosophical position that views behavior events that cannot be publically observed as outside of the realm of science |
| Radical Behaviorism | A thoroughgoing form of behaviorism that attempts to understand all human behavior, including private events, in terms of controlling variables in the history of a person (onogeny) and the species (phylogeny) |
| Defining Characteristics of ABA | Behavioral, Analytic, Technological, Conceptually systematic, Applied, Generality, Effective |
| Behavioral | specific, observable, and measurable |
| Analytic | demonstrate a functional relationship between the manipulated events and a reliable change in the target behavior. Demonstrate effectiveness of the treatment and demonstrate experimental control |
| Technological | procedures are identified and described with sufficient detail and clarity so that others may replicate what has been done |
| Conceptually Systematic | the procedures for changing behavior and rationale for why these procedures were effective should be described in terms of the principles from which they were derived |
| Applied | affecting improvements in behaviors that enhance and improve people’s lives by selecting behaviors to change that are socially significant |
| Generality | generalization of behavior change across people, environments or behaviors |
| Effective | must improve the target behavior to a practical degree; must produce behavior change that is clinically or socially significant |
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