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Mixtures
Mixtures and solutions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mixture | 2 or more substances that are physically put together but may be separated from each other; substances have not changed permanently, still have their own properties |
| Heterogeneous | physical mixture of matter where the different substances can be seen with either the nakd eye or under a microscope |
| Homogeneous | physical mixture of matter where one substance completely dissolves into the other and it appears to be only 1 substance; looks the same under a microscope |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture where 2 or more substances are put together and the particles of one spread out and dissolve into another |
| Colloid | heterogeneous, physical mixture where the particles of one substance connect with another but can still be seen separately under a microscope |
| Suspension | heterogeneous, physical mixture where one substance will separate from the others over time due to gravity, mass, and buoyancy. SHAKE to mix |
| Solute | the smaller part of a solution, usually a solid, that is dissolved |
| Solvent | the larger part of a solution, usually a liquid, that does the disolving |
| Diluted solution | a solution that has a small amount of solute and is considered weak in taste |
| Concentrated solution | a solution that has a large amount solute and is considered strong in taste |
| Insoluable | a substance that cannot be dissolved |
| Saturated | the point at which a solvent can no longer dissolve the solute at a given temperature and pressure |
| Rate of Dissolving | the amount of time it takes a solute to dissolve completely |
| Universal Solvent | Water |
| Ways to change the rate of dissolving | 1. Stirring solution 2. Raise the temperature of solution 3. Make solute particles smaller |
| Filtration | used to separate solid particles from a liquid or gas ; you pour the mixture through a filter paper in a funnel & the solid particles will be trapped in the filter allowing the particles of the liquid or gas to pass through |
| Sifting | used to separate smaller size solids from larger solids; the mixture is put into a container that has a screen material at the bottom (sieve) with holes to separate them. You shake & the smaller particles go through the screen opening leaving the larger particles on top of the screen. |
| Chromatography | Used to separate and analyze 2 or more solutes in a solution. A few drops of the solution are put on a piece of filter paper, which is then put in a neutral solvent. The substances in the solution that dissolve most easily travel the furthest up the paper. Substances that don’t dissolve easily do not travel very far. |
| Floatation | Used to separate solids that are buoyant from the remaining liquid in a mixture . The solids are stirred and when they float to the top, they are skimmed off the surface and put into a different container. |
| Evaporation/Distillation | Used to separate a substance that has dissolved in a liquid solution. You heat the solution to one of the substance’s boiling point. That material will turn into a gas and evaporate, leaving the other materials behind. |
| Magnetic Attraction | Used to separate iron, cobalt, or nickel materials from a mixture; you stir a magnet through it and it pulls out the magnetic material |
| Alloy | a type of solution that has at least 1 metal dissolved in it |
Created by:
ndouglas66
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