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Physical geography

Revision sa1

TermDefinition
Crust Material beneath the ocean and continents
Core Most inner part of the Earth. Iron and nickel
Mantle Semi molten rock and magma. Beneath the crust
Lithosphere Upper part to the mantle
Asthenosphere Below the lithosphere, Plates lay on it
Sial Made from silica and aluminium, Oceanic
Sima Made from silica and magnesium, Continental
Plates Collide, separate and grind by one another. Floats on top of asthenosphere
Convection currents Allows the plates to move, currents in the mantle caused by the heat of the core
Divergent boundary Constructive, when plates move away from each other
Convergent boundary Destructive, two plates collide with each other, Subduction can occur
Transform boundary Plates move along side one an other at different speeds
Subduction When one plate is sunk beneath another one due to the heavier plate being pushed on top by convection currents
Fault line Where two plates meet each other
Active volcano Erupts regularly
Dormant volcano Has not erupted in 100s of years
Extinct volcano Has never erupted in historical times
Vent Opening of the earths surface
Crater Opening of the volcano
Basic lava Low in silica, Runny
Acidic lava High in silica, Thick like honey
Lahar Mud flow cause when lava melts snow off a mountain
Intrusive Underneath the surface
Extrusive Above the surface
Hot spot Areas of mantle under the crust, Like a blister
Fissure Long crack in the crust
Laccolith Intrusive, dome-like structure
Sill Horizontal sheets of volcanic rock that cooled beneath the crust
Dyke Thin vertical sheets of volcanic rock that runs parallel to rock strata
Focus Where earthquakes occur
Epicentre Above the focus
Tsunami Giant wave caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean
Created by: daphandrea
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