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Exam 3
Chapter 10- emotion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is emotion? | ~Physiological arousal, conscious experience, expressive behaviors |
| Emotions are Adaptive | 1. Facial expressions communicate emotion 2. Emotions strengthen interpersonal relations |
| Theoretical perspectives: Darwin (1872) | ~Emotional expressions are universal and can be seen in all species. ~Repression of outward signs of emotion results in a softening of the experienced emotion |
| James (James-Lange Theory) | ~Emotional brain processes are just sensory brain processes combined 1. Perception -> bodily changes -> emotion ~You feel sad because you are crying |
| Objections to the James-Lange Theory | 1. Different emotions cause similar arousal patterns 2. Those with spinal cord injuries still report experiencing emotions 3. Not necessarily good at interpreting these physiological signals |
| Cannon (Cannon-Bard Theory) | Disputed James’ theory 1. The same physical changes happen in emotional and non-emotional contexts ~You don’t have to cry to be sad. There simply has to be sufficient and appropriate activation of the thalamus in response to the situation. |
| (cannon)Emotional expression results from sub cortical structures (specifically the thalamus) | 1. Thalamic neurons do not require input from cortex 2. Emotion only requires sufficient activation of thalamus. |
| Cognitive perspectives on emotion | Schachter and Singer (1962): cognitive judgments are a critical part of emotional experience, emotion Involves the interpretation of a physiological response and the stimulus/situation |
| Testing the Schachter-Singer Theory | 1. Participants given pill and told that it induces euphoria/anger, control was not told. 2. Then perceived emotion depended on knowledge |
| Primary and Secondary Emotions | 1. Primary (basic): there are six- surprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness, and sadness 2. Secondary: guilt, shame, pride, jealousy, and envy |
| Emotional Expression | Facial expressions (most salient), vocal tone, gestures, body postures |
| 60% agreement in facial expressions across cultures | 1. New Guinea Studies (Ekman et al.) – isolated culture 2. May be innate |
| h. How is emotion processed in the brain? | Frontal lobe and Amygdala |
| Frontal lobe | a. loss in ability to act on emotions in deliberate, planned ways after damage. b. lateralization of emotions: left: positive emotions right: negative emotions |
| Amygdala | a. active in response to fear, anger, disgust. b. damage causes inability to experience emotional significance of stimuli - unable to recognize fear in people’s faces |
| patient SM | - amygdala damage - emotion afraid was rated less intense -did not understand fear |
Created by:
randikeys
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