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Skull landmarks
Procedures 2. Skull landmarks, planes, lines
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Interpupillary line. Where | connects the pupils or the outer canthi of the patients eyes |
| superciliary arch. Where? What is slightly above it? | ridge of bone that extends across the forehead above each eye. SOG is slightly above |
| SOG corresponds to | highest level of the facial bone mass, also is the level of the floor of the anterior fossa of the cranial vault |
| Glabella | above bridge of nose, slightly superior to eyebrows |
| nasion | junction of the two nasal bones and the frontal bone |
| acanthion | midline junction of the upper lip and nasal septum |
| gonion | angle on mandible |
| mental point | midpoint of triangle area on chin. (triangle formed between 2 mental protuberances) |
| Auricle aka _____. Is what? | pinna. Flap of ear made of cartilage |
| Tragus | small flap that covers ear opening |
| TEA | top of ear attachment, superior attachment of the auricle |
| TEA corresponds to what level? | highest level of the petrous ridge on each side |
| Junctions of upper and lower eyelids termed | canthi |
| EAM's center pont of opening is termed | auricular point |
| OML location | outer canthus and EAM |
| Two older terms for IOML? | Reids base line or anthropologic base line. |
| Average difference of how many degrees between OML and IOML? | 7-8 |
| Approximate 7-8 degree average angle difference between OML and IOML, and ____ and ____. | OML and GML |
| LML is a positioning line used for what projection of the facial bones? | modified parietoacanthial (modified waters) |
| GAL? | glabelloalveolar line. Glabella to a point at the anterior aspect of the alveolar process of the maxilla. |
| GAL is used for positioning in what projection for nasal bones? | tangential |
| Inion is the most prominent point of the _______. Corresponds to the highest _____ line of the occipital bone . | external occipital protuberance. highest "nuchal" line |
| A posterior extension of the ______ approximates the location of the inion | IOML |