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PT Care Unit 4 Defs
SJC Hoang PT Care S1U4 Definitions from ch 20-23
| Seriously? | Unfortunately, yes. |
|---|---|
| Aura | Subjective sensation or motor phenomenon that precedes and marks the onset of a paroxysmal attack, such as an epileptic attack |
| Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) | Devices used for application of external electrical shock to restore normal cardiac rhythm and rate |
| Cardiac arrest | Sudden stoppage of cardiac output and effective circulation |
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) | Artificial substitution of |
| heart and lung action as indicated for cardiac arrest or apparent sudden death resulting from electric shock, drowning, respiratory arrest, and other causes | |
| Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke or Brain Attack) | Condition with sudden onset caused by acute vascular lesions of the brain; often followed by permanent neurologic damage |
| Emergency | Unexpected or sudden occasion; an urgent or pressing need |
| Epistaxis | Nosebleed; hemorrhage from the nose |
| Hemorrhage | Escape of blood from the vessels; bleeding |
| Hyperglycemia | Abnormally increased concentration of glucose in the blood |
| Hypoglycemia | Abnormally diminished concentration of glucose in the blood |
| Lethargy | Abnormal drowsiness or stupor; a condition of indifference |
| Nausea | Unpleasant sensation, vaguely referred to the epigastrium and abdomen and often culminating in vomiting |
| Pallor | Paleness; absence of skin coloration |
| Shock | Condition of profound hemodynamic and metabolic disturbance characterized by failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion of vital organs |
| Syncope | Temporary suspension of consciousness as a result of generalized cerebral ischemia; faint or swoon |
| Urticaria | Vascular reaction, usually transient, involving the upper dermis, representing localized edema caused by dilatation and increased permeability of the capillaries and marked by the development of wheals; also called hives |
| Ventricular Fibrillation | Disorganized cardiac rhythm |
| Vertigo | Illusion of movement; sensation as if the external world were revolving around the patient or as if the patient were revolving in space |
| Vomiting | Forcible expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth |
| Wounds | Bodily injuries caused by physical means with disruption of the normal continuity of structures |
| Wound Dehiscence | Separation of the layers of a surgical wound; may be partial, or superficial only, or complete, with disruption of all layers |
| Analgesics | Drugs that relieve pain without causing a loss of consciousness |
| Anaphylaxis | Condition of shock caused by hypersensitivity to a drug or other substance that results in life-threatening respiratory distress and vascular collapse |
| Anemia | Subnormal concentration of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in the blood |
| Anesthetics | Agents that reversibly depress neuronal function, producing loss of ability to perceive pain and/or other sensations |
| Angina Pectoris | Severe constricting pain in the chest, often radiating to the shoulder and down the arm, caused by ischemia (obstruction of blood supply) of the heart muscle, usually a result of coronary disease |
| Antagonist | Substance that tends to nullify the action of another drug |
| Anticholinergics | Drugs that block the passage of impulses through the parasympathetic nerves |
| Arrhythmias | Variations from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat |
| Atherosclerosis | Condition in which thickening of the wall of a blood vessel occurs because of the deposition of plaque (atheroma) |
| Bronchodilators | Drugs that cause expansion of the lumina of the air passages of the lungs |
| Coagulation | Process of clot formation |
| Contraindications | Conditions that render the administration of some drug or some particular line of treatment improper or undesirable |
| Diabetes Mellitus (DM) | Primarily a disorder of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism secondary to insufficient secretion of insulin or insulin resistance |
| Diabetic Gastroparesis | Form of nerve damage that affects the stomach; food does not move through the stomach in a normal way, resulting in vomiting, nausea, or bloating |
| Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy | Disorder of the peripheral nervous system, a complication of diabetes |
| Diuretics | Drugs that promote the excretion of urine |
| Drug | Any substance that, when taken into a living organism, may modify one or more of its functions |
| Edema | Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the tissues of the body |
| Extravasation | Discharge or escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue that can cause localized vasoconstriction, resulting in sloughing of tissue and tissue necrosis if not reversed with an antidote |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | Inflammation of the lower esophagus from regurgitation of acid gastric contents; symptoms include heartburn |
| Generic Name | Drug name that is usually descriptive of its chemical structure but is not protected as is a trademark |
| Hematoma | Localized collection of blood in the tissue resulting from a break in the wall of the blood vessel |
| Hyperlipidemia | Elevations of plasma lipid concentration |
| Hypertension | Persistently high arterial blood pressure, usually exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic |
| Idiosyncratic Reaction | Unusual response to a drug that is peculiar to the individual |
| Infiltration | Diffusion of fluid into a tissue; often used interchangeably with extravasation |
| Laxatives | Agents that promote evacuation of the bowel |
| Metabolic Acidosis | Condition resulting from accumulation of acid or depletion of alkaline reserves (bicarbonate in the blood and body tissues) |
| Microorganisms | Microscopic organisms such as bacteria or viruses that are too small to be seen without a microscope |
| Opioids | Drugs, natural or synthetic, that have activity similar to that of morphine |
| Osteoporosis | Disease of bone that leads to an increased risk for fracture; bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, and bone microarchitecture is disrupted |
| Parenteral | Not through the gastrointestinal tract but by injection through some other route |
| Parkinson's Disease (PD) | Degenerative neurologic disease of the brain that often impairs motor skills, speech, and other functions |
| Peristalsis | Waves of contraction that propel contents through the gastrointestinal tract |
| Pharmacist | Person who is licensed to prepare and dispense drugs |
| Pharmacokinetics | Study of the metabolism and action of drugs with particular emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action, distribution in the body, and method of excretion |
| Pharmacology | Study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties, and effects on living organisms |
| Physical Dependence | State of adaptation exhibited by a withdrawal syndrome specific to a class of drugs and that may be produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, or administration of an antagonist |
| Schizophrenia | Chronic mental disorder characterized by periods of withdrawn or bizarre behavior |
| Shock | Condition characterized by profound hypotension and reduced tissue perfusion |
| Side Effect | Consequence other than the one for which a drug is used |
| Therapeutic | Pertaining to the art of healing |
| Thromboembolic Disorders | Conditions involving the partial or complete obstruction of a blood vessel |
| Tolerance | State of adaptation in response to drug exposure that results in a decrease of one or more of the drug's effects over time |
| Vasoconstrictors | Drugs that cause constriction of the blood vessels |
| Vasodilators | Drugs that cause dilatation of the blood vessels |
| Ampule | Small sealed glass container that holds a single dose of parenteral solution in a sterile condition |
| Angiocath | Catheter inserted directly into the vein for drug administration |
| Bolus | Concentrated mass of pharmaceutical preparation |
| Buccal | Pertaining to the inside of the mouth |
| Drip Infusion | Infusion of liquid directly into the vein |
| Enteral | Within the gastrointestinal tract |
| Extravasation | Discharge or escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue that can cause localized vasoconstriction, resulting in sloughing of tissue and tissue necrosis if not reversed with an antidote |
| Intradermal | Within or between the layers of skin |
| Intramuscular | Within the muscle tissue |
| Intravenous | Within a vein |
| Intravenous Injection | Medication that is delivered by intravenous push (rapid delivery) or intravenous infusion (slow drip of medication over a period of time) directly into the vein |
| Parenteral or Parenterally | Drug administration by a route other than the GI tract, typically by injection through the skin |
| Rectal | Inserted into the rectum |
| Subcutaneous | Beneath the skin |
| Sublingual | Beneath the tongue |
| Topical | Applied to a certain area of the skin and affecting only the area to which it is applied |
| Transdermal | Entering through the skin |
| Venipuncture | Puncture of a vein |
| Vial | Small glass bottle containing multiple doses of a drug |
| Acid Group | Contains carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bonded to another oxygen, and a negative charge at the pH of the body |
| Amine Group | Contains nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms |
| Anaphylactoid | Resembling an immune system response to foreign material (antigen) |
| Atomic Numbers | Numbers of protons in the nuclei of the different elements |
| Blood, Urea, Nitrogen (BUN) | BUN test can reveal whether the urea nitrogen levels are higher than normal, suggesting that the kidneys or liver may not be working properly |
| Bond | Interactions between electrons of atoms that hold the atoms together in a stable group; line drawn between atoms indicates a bond: H-O-H |
| Bronchospasm | Involuntary constriction of the bronchial tubes usually resulting from an immune system reaction to a foreign particle or molecule |
| Compound | Substance composed of two or more elements combined in definite ratios that give the substance specific properties |
| Contraindications | Factors of a patient's history or present status that indicate that a medical procedure should not be performed or that a medication should not be given |
| Creatinine | Nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism excreted by the kidney's filtration system; high blood plasma levels indicate poor filtration by the kidney |
| Dimer | Compound formed by bonding of two identical simpler molecules |
| Extravasation | Leakage from a vessel into the tissue |
| Flocculation | Formation of flaky masses resulting from precipitation or coming out of a suspension or solution |
| Histamine | Molecular substance containing an amine group; causes bronchial constriction and a decrease in blood pressure |
| Hydroxyl | Common chemical group, part of the water molecule, containing one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen; carries a negative charge (anion) when not a part of a molecule |
| IonicAtom or molecule having a negative charge (anion) or positive charge (cation) | |
| Methyl Groups | Common biochemical groups containing one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms |
| Molecules | Stable groups of bonded atoms having specific chemical properties |
| Monomers | Simple molecules of a compound of relatively low molecular weight |
| Osmolality | Measurement of the number of particles (molecules or ions or cations) that can crowd out water molecules in a measured mass (kilogram) of water |
| Osmosis | Movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane such as blood vessel walls and cell membranes |
| pH | Relative acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a solution; pH below 7.0 is acidic and has more hydrogen cations than hydroxyl anions, whereas pH above 7.0 is alkaline and has more hydroxyl anions than hydrogen cations |
| Radiopharmaceutical | Pharmaceutical compound that is attached to a radioisotope |
| Shock | Inadequate blood flow within the body with resulting loss of oxygen and therefore energy |
| Solution | Uniform mixture of two or more substances composed of molecule-sized particles that do not react together chemically |
| Suspension | Nonuniform mixture of two or more substances, one of which is composed of larger-than-molecule-size particles that have a tendency to cluster together |
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paigeduh
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