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APT 400 Chapter 9
Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the communication process, explain the difference between one- way and two-way communication, and identify barriers to effective communication. | Communication is the process of transmitting information from one person to another to create a shared understanding and feeling. |
| Encoding | Occurs when the message sender converts a thought, idea, or fact into a message composed of symbols, pictures, or words. |
| Message | The encoded information being sent. |
| Channel | The medium used to send the message to the receiver , including voice, writing, graphs, videos, intranets, the Internet, television, and body language. |
| Decoding | When the message receiver sees , reads, or hears the message , it gets decoded. The interpretation and translation of the message back into something understood by the receiver. |
| Feedback | A check on the success of the communication. |
| Noise | Anything that bloc ks, distorts, or changes in any way the message the sender intended to communicate. |
| Describe different forms of organizational communication. | The exchange of information among two or more individuals or groups in an organization that creates a common basis of understanding and feeling. |
| Nonverbal communications | Are not spoken or written. Some of the strongest and most meaningful communications are nonverbal—a fire alarm, a smile, an emoti- con, a red traffic light, or a look of anger on someone’s face. |
| Body language | Body movement such as a gesture or expression that conveys information to others. |
| Verbal intonation | The emphasis given to spoken words and phrases. |
| One-way communication | Information flows in only one direction.The sender communicates a message without expecting or getting any feedback from the receiver. |
| Types of Task Interdependence | Pooled interdependence, Sequential interdependence, & Reciprocal interdependence |
| Pooled interdependence | when employees work independently and their output is combined into group output. |
| Sequential interdependence | Like in an assembly line, requires tasks to be performed in a certain order. This increases the need for communication as individuals or groups are dependent on other individuals or groups for the resources they need to complete their own tasks. |
| Reciprocal interdependence | Requires constant communication and mutual adjustment for task completion, such as a cross-functional research and development team, or an event-planning team, and creates the highest potential for conflict. |
| Selective Perception | Selective perception occurs when we selectively interpret what we see based on our interests, expectations, experience, and attitudes rather than on how things really are. |
| Mis-perception | Occurs when a message is not decoded by the receiver in the way the sender intended. |
| Filtering | Occurs when people receive less than the full amount of information due to the withholding, ignoring, or distorting of information |
| Information Overload | When the amount of information available exceeds our ability to process it, we experi- ence information overload. |
| Organizational Barriers | Organizational barriers to communication come from the hierarchical structure and culture of the organization. Numerous hierarchical levels or depart- ment specializations can make communication across levels and departments difficult. D |
| Cultural Barriers | Words and gestures can mean different things in different cultures. low-context cultures Cultures that rely on words to convey meaning high-context culture Situational and nonverbal cues are used to convey meaning |
| Two-way communication | Once a receiver provides feedback to a sender, the sender and receiver have engaged in two-way communication. |
| Downward communication | occurs when higher-level employees communicate to those at lower levels the organization— |
| Upward communication | Occurs when lower-level employees communicate with those at higher levels— |
| Horizontal communication | Occurs when someone in an organization communi- cates with others at the same organizational level. |
| Diagonal Communication | When employees communicate across departments and levels, they are engag- ing in diagonal communication. |
| Formal and Informal Communication | Formal communications are official, organization-sanctioned communications. Informal communication is anything that is not official. |
| Social Networking | The set of relationships among people connected through friendship, family, work, or other ties. |
Created by:
towilliamsjr
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