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Phys Sci Ch. 6 Test
SFHS- Richerson's class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are stable electron configurations? | it has a full outer shell of valence electrons |
| How many valence electrons does a molecule need to be considered stable? | 8 |
| List 3 elements with stable electron configurations? | Ne, Ar, Kr (all noble gases) |
| Why do atoms gain or lose electrons? | They want to become stable with 8 electrons in outermost shell |
| In an electron dot diagram, what is the symbol used to represent? | Each dot represents a valence electron. Symbol in the center represents nucleus and all electrons in the atom. |
| Explain ionization energies when looking at the periodic table. | Ionization energies tend to INCREASE from left to right across PERIODS. Ionization energies tend to DECREASE from top to bottom of GROUPS |
| What is a force of attraction between opposite charges of ions in an ionic compound? (bond between a metal and nonmetal) | Ionic Bond |
| What is an attraction formed between atoms when they share an electron? (Bond between a nonmetal and nonmetal) | Covalent Bond |
| What occurs because some electrons move freely among a metal's positively charged ions? | Metallic Bond |
| If a compound of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) has a 1:1 ratio, how would you write it? | NaCl |
| What do the subscripts mean in a formula? | the number of atoms of a molecule |
| List 4 properties of Ionic Compounds? | 1- crystalline structure 2- hard and brittle 3- high melting points and boiling points 4- conduct electricity when dissolved in water |
| How can on determine if a compound contains molecules? | If it is covalently bonded (non-mental and metal) |
| What is a diatomic molecule? (THINK of what number di- stands for!) | 2 atoms of same element in a covalent bond |
| What is a polyatomic molecule? | positively or negatively charged, covalently bonded group of many atoms |
| What is a monoatomic ion? | contains 1 atom |
| How does one distinguish a single bond from a double and triple bond? | single bond- shares 2 valence electrons double bond- shares 4 electrons triple bond- shares 6 electrons |
| What determines polar and non-polar bonds? | the type of atoms in a molecule and its shape |
| Why does water have a high boiling point? | because water molecules are polar |
| List characteristics of transition metals | they are shiny and good conductors of heat and electricity. They have higher densities and melting points than groups 1 & 2 |
| List characteristics of halogens | All NON-METALS, VERY reactive. Poor conductors of heat and electricty. Tend to form salts with metals. |
| List characteristics of noble gases | Unreactive metals. All are colorless, odorless gases at room temperature. 8 outer level electrons. |
| List characteristics of alkali metals | These metals are extremely reactive and are never found in nature in their pure form. They are silver colored and shiny. Low densities so they are soft metals |
| List characteristics of alkaline-earth metals | slightly less reactive than alkali metals. Silver colored and more dense than alkali metals (2 outer most level electrons) |
| What is an ionic bond only containing 2 elements? Example: NaCl | binary ionic compound |
| List and name the prefixes for 1-10 | 1- mono 2- di 3-tri 4-tetra 5- penta 6- hexa 7- hepta 8- octa 9- nona 10- deca |
| What type of reaction has a substance that reacts with oxygen to produce energy in the form of light and heat? | combustion |
| What type of reaction has 2 or more substances that combine to form another substance? Na + Cl --> NaCl | Synthesis |
| What type of reaction has a substance that breaks down into 2 or more substances? NaCl --> Na + Cl | Decomposition |
| Why can metals be made into thin wires? | metal is flexible and doesn't shatter because if it's struck, ions move to a new position but ions are still surrounded by electrons |
| What is stainless steel made of? | chromium (almost no carbon) |
| What happens if the amount of carbon in steel is increased? | increases hardness and strength |
Created by:
dcrovato
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