Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharmacology 3&4
Medication's & Injection's
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology | Study of drugs (medication's) and their action on the living body |
| Metabolite | A substance produced by metabolic action, which results in the breakdown of the drug |
| Cumulative Effect | Drug that builds up in the body (increasing by increments) |
| Dosage | Schedule of administration (amount & frequency) of a drug prescribed for the patient |
| Dose | Refers to a single administration of a drug |
| Therapeutic | Beneficial |
| Local action | Produces an effect only on the area where the drug has been placed |
| Systemic action | Affects the entire body because the drug enters into the patient's systemic circulation |
| Drug interaction | When one drug alters the action of another, a modification of the effects of a drug when administered with another drug |
| Potentiation | When one drug increases the action or effect of another drug (synergism) |
| Compatibility | The quality or state of harmonious coexistence |
| Drug incompatibility | Medications do not combine well chemically or physically |
| Cardiotonics | Drugs that slow & strengthen the heart |
| Antihypertensives | Drugs that lower BP |
| Hypoglycemic Agents | Oral medications that lower blood glucose levels |
| Insulin | Injectable medication that lowers blood glucose levels |
| Heparin | Medication that decreases the clotting of blood |
| furosemide (Lasix) | Medication used to treat fluid build up due to heart failure, liver scarring or kidney disease |
| Agonist | Drug that produces a predictable response at the intended site of action |
| Antagonist | A drug that blocks the action of another drug |
| Idiosyncratic | Results from the individual's unique hypersensitivity to a particular drug (it is an unexpected response to a medication) |
| Tolerance | Reduced response to a drug over time |
| Adverse drug reaction | A harmful, unintended reaction to a drug administered at a normal dosage |
| Contraindications | Conditions in which the drug should not be used |
| Enteral | Absorbed via the GI tract |
| Enteric-coated tablets | Tablets encased by a coated shell that keeps the tablet from being absorbed in the stomach; absorption takes place in the GI tract |
| Pulverized | Crushed to a powder |
| Percutaneous | Through the skin or mucous membrane |
| Sublingual | Under the tongue |
| Buccal | In the cheek |
| Parenteral | Those routes other than the digestive system |
| Syringe | Consist of the barrel, plunger, and tip |
| Lumen | Inside of the hollow shaft of needle |
| Gauge | A standard or scale measurement of needle |
| IM Injections | 20-22g / 1-1.5" / 90 degree Deltoid 1", Dorsogluteal 1.5" Max vol. 3mL |
| ID Injections | 25-26g / 3/8 - 5/8" / 15 degree |
| Subcut. Injections | 27-28g / 1.5 - 5/8" / 45 or 90 degree (depends on size of Pt.) Max vol. 1mL |
| Insulin Injections | 29-30g / 1.5 - 5/16" / 90 degree |
| Chronotropic Effect | Act or process of affecting the regularity of a periodic function, especially interference with the rate of the heart beat |
| Inotropic Effect | Pertaining to the force of energy of muscular contractions, particularly the heart |
| Potassium-sparing Diuretic | Enables retention of potassium by not allowing it to pass through the urine |
| Loop Diuretic | Act on the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle to inhibit sodium, chloride, and potassium re-absorption |
| ACE Inhibitor | Reduce the activity of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system as the primary etiologic (casual) even in the development of HTN in people with diabetes melitis |
| Beta-adrenergic blocker | Blocks stimulation of B1 receptors in cardiac smooth muscle of B1 receptors, elevated plasma renins are reduced |
| Right Eye | OD |
| Left Eye | OS |
| Both Eye's | OU |
| Two times a day | BID |
| Three times a day | TID |
| Four times a day | QID |
| As needed | PRN |
| Right Ear | AD |
| Left Ear | AL |
| Both Ears | AU |
| Bed time | HS |
| Before meals | AC |
| After meals | BC |
| In-between meals | i.c. |
| Intramuscular | IM |
| Intravenous | IV |
| Subcutaneous | Subcut. |
| Intradermal | ID |
| Antibiotics | ABX |
| As desired | ad lib |
| What are the commonly used medication distribution systems? | Multiple dose systems (floor stock), Unit dose system, and Computer or Automated dispensing system |
| What levels of regulation must a facility be compliant with for controlled substance medication distribution? | Federal, State, and individual hospital/agency rules |
| How are narcotics stored? | Double lock system, must be signed out and must be inventoried |
| When and who does inventory on narcotics? | Counted by a nurse from each shift, prior to the start and end of a shift |
| Who must witness the "waste" of a narcotic? | Two licensed nurses witness and sign off |
| What is the procedure if you accidentally spill a liquid narcotic? | Show to another nurse prior to clean up |
| What are the different types of oral medications? | Tablets, capsules, powders, liquids & suspensions, enteric coated, pills, and lozenges` |
| What types of medications can you not crush or puncture? | Capsules & enteric coated |
| What are the medications given via mucosal route? | Eye drops & eye ointments, nasal sprays, suppositories, sublingual tablets, and Buccal tablets |
| What are the medications given via the topical route? | Transdermal patches, ointments, creams, and lotions |
| What are the different types of routes that medications can be given? | Oral, mucosal, sublingual, Buccal, inhalant/nebulizing, topical, nasogastric or G-tube, ophthalmic, and otic |
| What are the six rights of medication? | Patient, Dose, Route, Time, Drug, Documentation |
| What two identifiers must you use to verify the patient? | Name, room & bed #, DOB, ID band, and identify allergies |
| What system do you use before administering medication? | 3 check |
| Describe the 3 check system | Check label when pulling medication from where it is stored, check label before pulling medication from container, and check label before discarding/replacing the medication container before giving meds to patient |
| What does the route of medication depend on? | Drug properties, desired effects, physical effects, and mental condition |
| How do you ensure a correct dose? | Double check physicians orders, check dosage written on the label, also ask yourself if the dose is appropriate for the patient's age, diagnosis, and gender |
| When are PRN medications given? | On time! DO NOT GIVE EARLY |
| When is the right time to document? | As soon as you give the medication, or ASAP afterwards |
| What should be on the MAR list? | Drug given, dose, and time it was given |
| What do you document after you have given an immunization? | Drug given, lot number on bottle, and expiration date of drug |
| What is important to document when giving medications or parenteral therapy? | The effects (i.e., any changes in symptoms; adverse effects should be reported promptly) |
| What are the steps to take when a med error occurs? | Check your patient (v/s & s/s), notify your RN & physician, carry out any orders given, document occurrence & actions taken, and fill out facility incident reports as needed |
| Do the med error incident reports go in the patient's chart? | No |
| What are the steps when a patient refuses medications? | Explain the purpose, chart on the MAR that it wasn't given, write narrative note with refusal reason, notify the prescribing physician |
| How do you administer meds to a confused patient? | Explain in clear simple terms what is expected, and you may need to place medication in patient's mouth with a gloved hand |
| How do you administer meds to a patient that has difficulty swallowing? | Give water before & after meals, keep head forward when swallowing, and discuss the issue with physician |
| How do you evaluate the effectiveness of medication? | Know why you are giving the medication, know your patients pain level, compare the data before & after administration of meds, and monitor lab values |
| What is the procedure when a patient exhibits adverse effects of a medication? | Notify RN & physician, administer antagonist, and monitor the patient |
| What are the procedures for clarifying an illegible prescription? | Call ordering physician, verbally confirm any new orders on patients chart, and transcribe new orders on patients chart |
| What must you include when transcribing a new order on a chart? | Your name, physicians name, and the order |
| When must the new order be signed by the physician? | Within 24hrs |
| What are the factors that affect needle selection? | Whether the injection is going to be ID, Subcut., IM, the viscosity, amount to be injected, and size of the patient |
| What must you do when combining two medications in one syringe? | Check compatibility |
| When you are drawing insulin that needs to me mixed, which one do you draw first? | Shorter acting |
| When do you give regular & lente insulin's that are mixed? | Within 5 minutes of mixing |
| What are the locations on the body when giving an IM injection? | Deltoid, ventrogluteal, Dorsogluteal, vastus lateralis, and rectus femorus (Be able to label pictures) |
| What are the locations on the body when giving a Subcut. injection? | Upper arms, upper back, abdomen, scapular region, and thighs |
| What are the locations of the body when giving a ID injection? | Inner aspect of forearm, scapular area of back, and upper chest |
| What are the reasons a patient may need parenteral administration? | Unable to take oral meds, need quick onset of medication, med is destroyed by gastric enzymes, medication is removed during "first pass", medication is to be given at a steady rate, and medication is not available in enteral form |
| Define onset | Beginning of therapeutic/adverse effects |
| Define peak | Optimal point of effectiveness |
| Define duration | Length of therapeutic effectiveness |
| Define subjective | Pain scales, patient comments |
| Define objective | Lab values, vital signs, blood sugar |
| What information do you give patients when teaching them about medications? | Common adverse reaction, suggestions to adjust tolerable side effects, rotation schedules, and to notify physician if there are financial difficulties with getting meds |
| What do you list when documenting adverse reactions? | Signs & symptoms, actions taken, new orders, and patients response |
| How do you locate the dorsogluteal muscle? | By placing one hand on the iliac crest and locating the posterior superior iliac spine. By drawing an imaginary line below the greater trochanter and the iliac spine. |
| How do you locate the deltoid muscle? | Locating the clavicle, the acromion process and the scapula. Imaginary rectangle can be formed to locate the this site. |
| How do you locate the rectus femoris muscle? | By dividing the anterior thigh in thirds from the patella to the greater trochanter of the femur |
| How do you locate the vastus lateralis muscle? | By locating the greater trocanter and the lateral condyle of the femur |
| Describe a schedule 1 drug | Heroin, marijuana, LSD |
| Describe a schedule 2 drug | Amphetamines, meperidine, methadone, morphine, secobarbital, oxycodone, fentanyle |
| Describe a schedule 3 drug | Aspirin with codeine, Tylenol with codeine |
| Describe a schedule 4 drug | Ativan, valium, Xanax, Soma |
| Describe a schedule 5 drug | Lomotil, Robitussin AC, Lyrica, Pseudophedrine |
| What are the positive effects of Echinacea? | Used to stimulate the immune system |
| What are the potential adverse effects of Echinacea? | May actually be harmful to patients taking immunosuppressive medications |
| What are the positive effects of Ephedra? | Widely used as a dietary suppressant |
| What are the potential adverse effects of Ephedra? | May be harmful to persons with hypertension and even inhibit antihypertensive agents' effectiveness |
| What are the positive effects of Ginkgo? | A herbal medication know to prevent blood clotting |
| What are the potential adverse effects of Ginkgo? | Can be dangerous for patients on therapeutic aspirin regimens |
| What are the positive effects of Green tea? | Antioxidant potential of this herb |
| What are the potential adverse effects of Green tea? | May antagonize the therapeutic effect of anticoagulant medications |
| What are the positive effects of St. Johns Wort? | May be helpful with depression, smoking cessation, PMS, physical symptoms due to mental disorders, and ADHD |
| What are the potential adverse effects of St. Johns Wort? | May be harmful when used with protease inhibitors. May cause dry mouth, dizziness, constipation, and other GI symptoms |
Created by:
tandkhopkins
Popular Pharmacology sets