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Cardio unit 5-6-7
spc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are RBC norms? | 5-6 mill males, 4-5 mill females |
| What are HB norms? | 14-17 males, 12-15 females |
| What are hematocrit norms? | 40-50% males, 35-45% females |
| What are the WBC norms? | 5-10,000/mm |
| An increase in WBC is called leukocytosis, this is seen in patients with? | bacterial infection, inflammatory response |
| A decrease in WBC is called leukopenia, this is seen is pt's with? | systemic disease, chemo, radiation |
| The differential count gives the? | % or number of each type of cell in a sample of 100 wbc's |
| A decreased RBC, HB, Hct is an anemia, this can be caused by? | increased RBC breakdown, Decreased RBC production, blood loss |
| What is the shortcut for RBC, HB, Hct? | If you multiply RBC by 3 you get HB, if you multiply HB by 3 you get Hct |
| Polycythemia is an increased RBC, HB, and Hct, this is caused by? | primary-polycythemia vera (unknown cause), secondary-a condition stimulates the bone marrow to produce more rbc's |
| What are some secondary causes of polycythemia vera? | chronic hypoxemia/lung disease (COPD, pum fibrosis), high altitudes |
| Polycythemia can cause RT heart failure, to treat it use? | oxygen to treat the hypoxemia |
| Neutropenia is a decreased neutrophil count and is seen in? | septic shock, overwhelming infection |
| Neutrophilia is increased neutrophils (first responders), this indicates? | bacterial infection (pneumonia) |
| Eosinophilia(Increased) is associated with? | Allergic disorders (asthma), parasitic infections If found in sputum, always indicates asthma! |
| Lymphocytosis (increased) is associated with? | viral infection |
| Lymphocytopenia (decreased) is associated with? | HIV, T4 and T8 ratio decreases with AIDS T4 are helper cells, T8 are suppressor cels |
| The first defense is neutrophils, the last defense is? | monocytes, predominant cell after 48 hours, once in tissues they are called histiocytes |
| Monocytosis (increased) is seen with? | chronic infection (TB) |
| Platelets are your clotting cells, normal is? | 50,000-400,000mm <20,000 increased bleeding risk, spontaneous internal hemorrhage (IVH) Thrombocytopenia |
| What are signs of thrombocytopenia? | petechiae (red, purple spots) ecchymosis(blue, black spots) caused by indomethacin, heparin, prednisone, INH, bone marrow disease |
| What are the normal electrolyte values? | Sodium 135-145, Potassium 3.5-5.0, Chloride 95-105 |
| Hyponatremia is a sodium level <135, causes and signs of this are? | Causes- sweating, burns, diuretics Signs- abdominal cramps, muscle twitching |
| Hypernatremia is a sodium level >145, causes and signs of this are? | Causes- dehydration, hyperaldosteronism Signs- excessive thirst, dry tongue |
| Hypokalemia is a potassium <3.5, causes and signs? | Causes- vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics (lasix, albuteral) Signs- U wave(extra wave after T), Flat T waves and depressed ST segment |
| Hyperkalemia is a potassium >5.0, causes and signs? | Causes- tissue (cell) breakdown, renal failure Signs- peaked, tall T waves, wide QRS |
| Hypochloremia is a chloride level <95, causes and signs? | Causes-vomiting, diuretics Signs- metabolic alkalosis, chloride and bicarb indirectly related, decrease chloride increase bicarb |
| Hyperchloremia is a chloride level > 105, causes and signs? | Causes- diarrhea, nephritis Signs- metabolic acidosis, hyperventilation |
Created by:
juialynn92
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