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Phat 132 MOD 4th
T.Scott Study Guide
| Terms | Defininations |
|---|---|
| Six major areas of pharmacology | pharmacodynamic,pharmacokenetics,pharmacotherapeutics,pharmacy,posology,toxicology |
| Pharmacodynamics | study of how drugs interact in the human body. |
| Pharmacokenetics | the study of the absorption, distribution, biotranformation and excretion of drugs. |
| Pharmacotherapeutics | the study of how drugs are used in the treatment of disease within the human body. |
| Pharmacy | the study of preparing and dispensing medications. |
| Posology | the study of the exact amount of a drug that is needed in order to produce a therapeutic effect. |
| Toxicology | the study of poisons,their detection, their effects, and establishing antidotes and methods of treatment for conditions they produce. |
| Pharmacognosy | the study of drugs derived from herbal and other natural sources. |
| * | the terms medication and medicine refer to drugs mixed in a formulation with other ingredients to improve the stability, taste or physical form to allow appropriate administration of the active drug |
| * | Pharmacoloyt deals with ALL of the drugs in society. Today- those that are legal, illegal, prescrition and OTC |
| * | Blood is the most commonly sampled bodily fluid used to characterize the pharamacologic action of drugs. |
| the factors that influence the onset, duration and intensity of drug effects are: | absorption, metabolism,excretion, site of action, and observed responses |
| Factors that affect Drug Actions: | age, sex, body weight, diurmal body rhythms, diseases, allergies, psychological factors,drug half-life, tolerance, drug toxicity and drug interactions |
| *importance of drug half-life: | major determining factor in how often a drug may be givenl.(ex.a drug with a short half-life of 2-3 hrs must be administered more often than a drug with a half-life of 12 hrs. |
| *importance of AGE: | age affect metabolic rates--important rule of thumb when dealing with pediatric and geriatric patients-"Start Low and Go Slow" |
| *sex-gender | drug that are administered IM are absorbed faster by men than women. These drugs remain in women's tissues longer than in men's tissues because women have a higher body fat content |
| *body weight | the same dose of medication can have varied affects on patients whose body weights differ. Some medication doses must be adjusted based on body weight or body surface area especially in children. |
| *diurnal body rhythms | circadian rhythm or sleep patterns have a tendency to intensify a patients response to a medication |
| *diseases | especially of the kidneys and liver. the liver is the major site for detoxification and the kidneys are the major site for elimination of chemical substances |
| * | A person with a liver or kidney disease may respond to medication differently than a healthy person (ex. the drug valium(diazepam)may cause coma in severly liver damaged patients when given in ordinary doses. |
| *the phrase "take on an empty stomach" | means take 1 hour BEFORE or 2 hours AFTER a meal. |
| ALLERGIC DRUG REACTIONS: | |
| TYPE | EXAMPLE OF DRUGS OR CLASS OF DRUGS |
| I. Immediate hypersensitivity | PCNs, streptomycin, loval anastetics, neuromuscular blocking agents, and radiologic contrast medications |
| II. Antibody-dependant, eytoctoxic | Quinine, quinidine, rifampicin, metronidazole |
| III. Complex-mediated | anticonvulsants, antibiotics, hydralazine, diuretics |
| IV. Cell-mediated or delayed hypersensitivity | local anastectic creams, antihistamine, creams |
Created by:
J.Lilly
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