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Ch 6 A&P 1
Osseous Tissue & Bone Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders | Osteology |
| Framework of bones, cartilages, ligaments.... | Skeletal System |
| 6 functions of skeletal system | Support, protect, movement, mineral homeostasis, hemopoises, storage of fat |
| 7 bone structures | Epiphysis, Metaphysis, Diaphysis, Articular cartilage, Periosteum, Medullary cavity, Endosteum |
| Either end of a long bone | Epiphysis |
| Growth plate along the top & bottom of a growing bone | Metaphysis |
| Shaft/body of a long bone | Diaphysis |
| Thin layer of cartilage covering epiphysis- reduces friction & absorbs shock | Articular Cartilage |
| Protection around the outside of the bone | Periosteum |
| The center part of the bone that stores fat | Medullary cavity |
| Thin INNER lining around the Medullar Cavity | Endosteum |
| Deposited in the Extracellular Matrix ( Hydroxyapatite) | Mineral salt part of the bone |
| Hardness of bone | Calcification |
| This can be determined by the amount of collagen fibers in the bone | Flexibility |
| These break down bone to release minerals as needed ( break down bone in blood to let out calcium) | Osteoclasts |
| 3 types of bone cells | Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts |
| Young, immature bone building cells ( secrete matrix called osteoid) | Osteoblasts |
| Mature bone cells that maintain hardened bone | Osteocytes |
| Old & dried up bone cells, resorption of bone matrix to release calcium | Osteoclasts |
| Inside part of bone that provides protection & support, dense along diaphysis & thin at epiphysis (outside of spongy bone) | Compact bone |
| Inside part of bone that is lightweight & proves tissue support | Spongy |
| This Makes up 80% of the skeleton- most common | Compact bone |
| Structural units of bone | Osteon |
| Contains artery & vein | Central canal |
| Circular rings of matrix | Concentric lamellae |
| Little lakes for osteocytes to live in | Lacunae |
| Small channels (between lakes)- how osteocytes breathe/ eat/ connect | Canaliculi |
| Makes up only 20% of skeleton, no osteons, always inside bone | Spongy bone |
| "Little beams" thin columns of bone | Trabeculae |
| Fills spaces between trabeculae in blood producing bones - kids | Red Marrow |
| Feels spaces between trabeculae in all other bones | Yellow Marrow (adipose tissue) |
| Up to one-third of bone mass can be lost in a few weeks of inactivity during | Bone Degeneration |
| Allows bones to adapt to stress & heavily stressed bones become thicker & stronger from the effects of | Exercise |
| Beginning between the ages of 30 & 40, the bones become thinner & weaker with age | Osteopenia |
| Severe bone loss | Osteoporosis |
| Shallow, basin like depression | Fossa |
| Rounded articular projection | Condyle |
| Raised area above a condyle | Epicondyle |
| Bony expansion on a narrow neck | Head |
| Large, blunt, irregular surface | Trochanter |
| Rounded Projection | Tuberosity |
| Any bony prominence | Process |
| Narrow, prominent ridge of bone | Crest |
| Narrow ridge of bone | Line |
| Small pit like indent | Fovea |
| Small rounded projection | Tubercle |
| Arm-like bar of bone | Ramus |
| Sharp, slender projection | Spine |
| Round or oval opening through a bone | Foramen |
| Narrow, slit-like opening | Fissure |
| Canal-like passageway | Meatus |
| Space within a bone | Sinus |
Created by:
Cfelts0324
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