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Chest and Abdomen
Position
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| KUB Abdomen | Position:Supine Projection:Anteroposterior CR:at iliac crest/MSP |
| Abdominal Routines | *AP (supine) *AP (erect) *Left Lateral Decubitus *Dorsal Decubitus **PA CXR may also be included |
| Pubic Symphsis | *Must be at the bottom of the film on Supine KUB **If not, you may do a bladder shot(10x12cw) |
| PA Abdomen | Position:Erect Anterior Projection:Posteroanterior CR:2" above iliac crest on MSP |
| AP Abdomen | Position:Erect posterior Projection:Anteroposterior CR:2" above iliac crest **High enough to include diaphragm |
| Left Lateral Decubitus Abdomen | Position:Left Lateral Decubitus Projection:AP or PA CR:2" above iliac crest/MSP |
| Abdominal Exams must included | *40" SID *14x17 LW *Suspended expiration |
| Anatomy of Digestive System | mouth *pharynx *esophagus *stomach *small intestine *large intestine *anus **LESSPAM |
| Accessory Organs | teeth *salivary glands *liver and gallbladder *pancreas |
| Hysterosalpingogram | Shows where reproductive organs are located in the female |
| Peritoneum | Lines the abdominopelvic cavity |
| Dorsal Decubitus (Abdomen) | Position:Dorsal Decubitus Projection:R or L Lateral CR:2" above iliac crest on MCP **Shows air/fluid when the patient can't stand |
| Peritoneum | Double wall sac called Peritoneal cavity *Outer-parietal *Inner-Visceral |
| Correct exposure Technique | *Lower border of liver *L&R kidney *Lower ribs *L&R Psoas muscles *Tranverse Process of lumbar spine **All found above the iliac crest |
| Contents of Abdominal | *stomach *intestines *liver *gallbladder *spleen *pancreas *kidneys & ureters |
| Contents of Pelvic Cavity | *rectum *urinary bladder *reproductive organs |
| Abdominal Anatomy | *Divides into 2 cavities (Thoracic & abdominal) *Top of abdominal cavity is the diaphragm; bottom is pelvic cavity *Together forming Abdominopelvic Cavity |
| Abdominal Landmarks (Topography) | *L-2/L-3 Inferior costal margins *L-4/L-5 iliac crest *S-1/S-2 A.S.I.S *Greater trochanters (Pubic symphysis & Coccyx) |
| Epiglottis | Situated above the larynx opening ** The "lid" to prevent food from going in the trachea |
| Esophageal Hiatus | Is the opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus |
| Hilum | Is a depression in the lungs where bronchi and vessels pass |
| Lateral criteria for Chest | When the posterior ribs are superimposed of each other |
| Inspiration and Expiration films are ordered for chest.... | Pneumothorax * F/B * Atelectasis |
| Carina | Point of Bifurcation |
| PA Oblique Chest | Position:RAO/LAO Projection:PA Oblique CR:Perpendicular midthorax @T-7 sagittal plane |
| Thoracic Cavity has 3 chambers | *Pericardial * Right Pleural * Left Pleural |
| Why left lateral projection? | Places the heart closer to film, reduces magnification of the heart. |
| How do you center for a chest left lateral projection? | *CR perpendicular to the IR *MCP *T-7 |
| Mediastinum | *Thymus gland *Heart *Esophagus *Trachea **THET** |
| Properly Penetrated (Chest) | *Aperture *Carina *Costophrenic angles *Clavicle *Aorta arch *Hemidiaphragms *Ribs *Trachea |
| Why is the patient erect for a chest x-ray? | *Prevents engorgement of pulmonary vessels **Allows diaphragm to reach its lowest position, giving maxium visualization of the lungs ***Allows for demonstration of free air/fluid levels |
| Pharynx | *Nasopharynx *Oropharynx *Laryngopharynx |
| Nasopharynx | directly continuous with the nasal passages (superior) |
| Oropharynx | between the soft palate and upper edge of the epiglottis (middle) |
| Laryngopharynx | the lower part of the pharynx |
| Larynx (voice box) | *suspended from the hyoid bone **Airway leading to the trachea and lungs ***epiglottis |
| Fissure | Right Lung: Oblique & Horizontal fissure ** Left Lung: Oblique fissure |
| Evaluation criteria for a chest x-ray | *No rotation * aperture to costophrenic angles *long scale of constrast *10 posterior ribs above the diaphragm |
| High kVP and long/low contrast will have... | a faint visualization of the thoracic spine through the shadow of the heart |
| Respiratory System | *Pharynx *Trachea *Bronchi *Lungs *Mouth & nose |
| Contents of Thoracic Cavity | *Heart *Lungs *Respiratory organs *Cardiovascular system *Lymphatic system *Esophagus *Thymus gland |
| How do you check for rotation in the chest x-rays? | Sternoclavicular joints are equal distance to the spine |
Created by:
mandy91lou
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