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SAFMEDS FOR BST 2002
60 TERMS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acceptance and commitment therapy | Treatment in which the client: learns to accept troublesome thoughts and emotions, and commits to actions to pursue valued goals |
| Adventitious reinforcement | Strengthening of a behavior when it is followed by a reinforcer that it did not cause to occur |
| Alternating-treatments design | Research plan that involves alternating two or more treatment conditions |
| Antecedent stimulus | Stimulus that occurs before a behavior and may exert control over the behavior |
| Aversive stimulus | Either a punisher or a negative reinforcer |
| Backup reinforcer | Positive reinforcer that is presented in exchange for another stimulus to cause it to become a conditioned reinforcer |
| Behavior analysis | Study of the scientific principles that govern the behavior of organisms |
| Behavioral deficit | Too little behavior of a particular type |
| Behavioral excess | Too much behavior of a particular type |
| Behavioral trap | Contingency in which behavior learned via programmed reinforcers results in its coming in contact with natural reinforcers |
| Changing-criterion design | Research plan where treatment effects are evaluated as a function of sequential changes in programmed contingencies |
| Cognitive processes | Covert verbalizations and/or imagery, often called believing, thinking, expecting, or perceiving |
| Contingency-shaped behavior | Behavior that develops because of its immediate consequences |
| Continuous reinforcement | Arrangement in which each instance of a particular response is reinforced |
| Empirically supported therapies | Therapies shown to be effective in scientifically conducted clinical trials |
| Errorless discrimination training | Use of a procedure to establish stimulus discrimination so that no errors occur |
| Escape conditioning | Contingency in which an aversive stimulus is removed immediately following a response |
| Exclusionary timeout | Removal of an individual briefly from a reinforcing situation contingent on a response |
| Extinction burst | Increase in responding during extinction |
| Extinction (operant) | Wthholding a reinforcer following a previously reinforced response that weakens the response. |
| Extinction (respondent) | Presenting a CS while withholding the US with the result that the CS gradually loses its capacity of eliciting the CR. |
| Fading | Gradual change across trials of an antecedent stimulus that controls a response so that the response eventually occurs to a partially changed or completely new stimulus |
| Frequency (rate) of behavior | Number of instances of a behavior that occurs in a given period of time |
| Higher-order conditioning | Procedure in which a stimulus becomes a CS by being paired with another CS instead of with an US |
| Independent variable | Intervention introduced to study its influence or effect on a dependent variable |
| Intermittent reinforcement | Arrangement in which a behavior is reinforced only occasionally rather than every time it occurs |
| Internal validity | Convincingly demonstrating that the independent variable causes an observed change in the dependent variable |
| Interobserver reliability | Extent to which two observers agree on the occurrences of behavior after independently observing and recording it during a specified period of time |
| Interval recording | A recording method that logs the behavior as either occurring or not occurring during short intervals of equal duration during the specified observation period. |
| Motivating operation | An event or condition that temporarily alters the effectiveness of a reinforcer or punisher, and influences behavior that normally leads to that reinforcer or punisher. |
| Operant behaviors | Behavior that operates on the environment to generate consequences and is in turn influenced by those consequences. |
| Positive reinforcer | A stimulus which, when presented immediately following a behavior, causes the behavior in increase in frequency. |
| Premack principle | The opportunity to engage in a highly probable behavior can be used to reinforce a behavior that has a lower probability of occurring. |
| Punishment | Presentation of a positive reinforcer or removal of a negative reinforcer contingent on a response. |
| Reinforcement | Presentation of a positive reinforcer or removal of a negative reinforcer contingent on a response. |
| Respondent behaviors | Behaviors elicited by prior stimuli and that are not affected by their consequences. |
| Response generalization | Increased probability of a response as a result of the reinforcement of another response. |
| Reversal-replication design | A tactic consisting of a baseline phase, followed by a treatment phase, followed by a reversal back to baseline, followed by a replication of the treatment phase. |
| Rule-governed behavior | Behavior controlled by the presentation of a rule. |
| Schedule of reinforcement | A rule specifying which occurrences of a given behavior, if any, will be reinforced. |
| Self-control program | A strategy for using principles of behavior modification to change or control one's own behavior. |
| Shaping | The development of a new behavior by the reinforcement of successive approximations of that behavior and the extinction of earlier approximations of that behavior until the new behavior occurs. |
| Stimulus control | The degree of correlation between an antecedent stimulus and a subsequent response. |
| Stimulus discrimination training | The procedure of reinforcing a response in the presence of an SD and extinguishing that response in the presence of an SΔ. |
| Stimulus equivalence class | A set of completely dissimilar stimuli that an individual has learned to group or match together. |
| Stimulus generalization | Refers to the procedure of reinforcing a response in the presence of a stimulus or situation and the effect of the response becoming more probably in the presence of another stimulus or situation. |
| Task analysis | The process of breaking a task down into smaller steps or component responses to facilitate training. |
| Time sampling recording | An observational procedure in which a behavior is scored as occurring or not occurring during very brief observation intervals that are separated from each other by a much longer period of time. |
| Timeout | A period of time immediately following a particular behavior during which an individual loses the opportunity to earn reinforcers. |
| Total-task presentation | A chaining method in which an individual attempts all of the steps from the beginning to the end of the chain on each trial until that person learns the chain. |
| Unconditioned punisher | A stimulus that is a punisher without prior learning. |
| Unconditioned reinforcer | A stimulus that is reinforcing without prior learning or conditioning. |
| Warning stimulus | A stimulus that signals a forthcoming aversive stimulus |
| Generality | Experimental result observed in different environments, organisms, and so on |
| Correspondence training | Delivering reinforcers contingent on relations between verbal reports (saying) and actions (doing) |
| Behavioral momentum | Behavior repeated at a high steady rate increases the likelihood of a low probability behavior |
| Multiple baseline design | A research tactic in which baseline begins simultaneously across conditions, and is then terminated and treatment is introduced at different points across these conditions |
| Satiation | Condition in which an organism has experienced a reinforcer to the point that it is ineffective |
| Goal | Intended broad or abstract purpose of an intervention |
| Differential reinforcement | Procedure in which a behavior is followed by a reinforcer but other behaviors are put on extinction |
Created by:
wajiha
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