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other senses
other senses for biological psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Across-fiber pattern principle | notion that each receptor responds to a wide range of stimuli and contributes to the perception of every stimulus in its system |
| Adaptation | decreased response to a stimulus as a result of recent exposure to it |
| Amplitude | intensity of a sound or other stimulus |
| Capsaicin | chemical that causes neurons containing substance P to release it suddenly and also directly stimulates pain receptors sensitive to moderate heat |
| Cochlea | structure in the inner ear containing auditory receptors |
| Conductive deafness (middle-ear deafness) | hearing loss that occurs if the bones of the middle ear fail to transmit sound waves properly to the cochlea |
| Cross-adaptation | reduced response to one stimulus because of recent exposure to some other stimulus |
| Dermatome | area of skin connected to a particular spinal nerve |
| Endorphins | category of chemicals the body produces that stimulate the same receptors as do opiates |
| Frequency | number of sound waves per second |
| Frequency theory | concept that pitch perception depends on differences in frequency of action potentials by auditory neurons |
| Gate theory | assumption that stimulation of certain nonpain axons in the skin or in the brain can inhibit transmission of pain messages in the spinal cord |
| Hair cell | type of sensory receptor shaped like a hair; auditory receptors are hair cells |
| Labeled-line principle | concept that each receptor responds to a limited range of stimuli and has a direct line to the brain |
| Loudness | perception of the intensity of a sound |
| Nerve deafness (inner-ear deafness) | hearing loss that results from damage to the cochlea, the hair cells, or the auditory nerve |
| Nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) | area in the medulla that receives input from taste receptors |
| Olfaction | sense of smell |
| Olfactory cells | neurons responsible for the sense of smell, located on the olfactory epithelium in the rear of the nasal air passages |
| Opioid mechanisms | systems responsive to opiate drugs and similar chemicals |
| Oval window | membrane of the inner ear, adjacent to the stirrup |
| Pacinian corpuscle | receptor that responds to a sudden displacement of the skin or high-frequency vibration on the skin |
| Papilla (pl.: papillae) | structure on the surface of the tongue containing taste buds |
| Periaqueductal gray area | area of the brainstem that is rich in enkephalin synapses |
| Pheromone | chemical released by one animal that affects the behavior of other members of the same species |
| Pinna | outer-ear structure of flesh and cartilage that sticks out from each side of the head |
| Pitch | experience that corresponds to the frequency of a sound |
| Place theory | concept that pitch perception depends on which part of the inner ear has cells with the greatest activity level |
| Placebo | drug or other procedure with no pharmacological effects |
| Primary auditory cortex (area A1) | area in the temporal lobes in which cells respond best to tones of a particular frequency |
| Semicircular canal | canal lined with hair cells and oriented in three planes, sensitive to the direction of tilt of the head |
| Somatosensory system | sensory network that monitors the surface of the body and its movements |
| Substance P | neurotransmitter released by nerves that are sensitive to pain |
| Supertasters | people with heightened sensitivity to taste |
| Synesthesia | experience of one sense in response to stimulation of another sense |
| Taste buds | structures on the tongue that contain taste receptors |
| Tinnitus | frequent or constant ringing in the ears |
| Tympanic membrane | eardrum |
| Volley principle | tenet that a sound wave of a moderately high pitch may produce a volley of impulses by various fibers even if no individual fiber can produce impulses in synchrony with the sound waves |
| Vomeronasal organ (VNO) | set of receptors located near, but separate from, the olfactory receptors |
Created by:
jondoh
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