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Psychology Chapter 8
Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout life, involving both growth and decline. | development |
| A research design in which a group of people are assessed on a psychological variable at one point in time. | cross-sectional design |
| An individual's biological inheritance , especially his or her genes | nature |
| An individual's environmental and social experiences | nurture |
| A person's ability to to recover from or adapt to difficult times | resilience |
| A research technique that involves giving an infant a choice of what object to look at | preferential looking |
| A period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence | puberty |
| An individual's incorporation of new information into existing knowledge | assimilation |
| An individual's adjustment of his or her schemas to new information | accommodation |
| Piaget's first stage of cognitive development, lasting from birth to about 2 years of age, during which infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motor actions | sensorimotor stage |
| Piaget's term for the crucial accomplishment of understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot be seen | object permanence |
| Piaget's second stage of cognitive development, lasting from about 2 to 7 years of age , during which thought is more symbolic than sensorimotor thought. | preoperational stage |
| Piaget's third stage of cognitive development, lasting from about 7 to 11 years replaces intuitive reasoning with logical reasoning in concrete situations. | concrete operational stage |
| Piaget's fourth stage of cognitive development, which begins at 11 to 15 years of age and continues through the adult years. | formal operational stage |
| Expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life | wisdom |
| An individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding | temperament |
| The close emotional attachment between an infant and its caregiver | infant attachment |
| The ways that infants use their caregiver, usually their mother, as a secure base from which to explore the environment | secure attachment |
| A restrictive, punitive style in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parent's directions and to value hard work and effort. | authoritarian parenting |
| A parenting style that encourages the child to be independent but still places limits and controls on behavior | authoritative parenting |
| A parenting style characterized by a lack of parental involvement in the child's life | neglectful parenting |
| A parenting style characterized by the placement of few limits on the child's behavior | permissive parenting |
| The transition period from adolescence to adulthood, spanning about 18 to 25 years of age | emerging adulthood |
| The social and psychological aspects of being male of female | gender |
| Roles that reflect the individual's expectations for how females and males should think, act, and feel. | gender roles |
| Hyde's proposition that men and women are much more similar than they are different. | gender similarities hypothesis |
| Behavior that is intended to benefit other people | prosocial behavior |
Created by:
Bsims
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