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Eup ch10-2Text Quest
Essentials of Understanding Psychology 7th ch 10 in text questions part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who developed over 18,000 separate terms that can be used to describe personality? | Gordan Allport |
| What are the three fundamental categories of traits? | Cardinal, Central and Secondary |
| What is a cardinal trait? | a single characteristic that directs most of a person's activities |
| what are central traits? | major characteristics of an individual -usually number from 5 to 10 examples-honest and social |
| What are secondary traits? | characteristics that affect behavior in fewer situations and are less influential than other traits example-reluctance to eat meat |
| What is a statistical method of identifying associations among a large number of variables to reveal more general patterns? | Factor analysis |
| The most fundamental patterns or combinations of traits are called what? | Factors |
| What did Raymond Cattell suggest about source traits? | That 16 pairs of source traits represent the basic dimensions of personality. |
| What did Raymond Cattell develop? | Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire or the 16 PF which provides scores for each of the source traits. |
| Who is Hans Eysenck? | a psychologist who used factor analysis to identify patterns of traits, but found that personality could be best describe in terms of just three major dimensions |
| What are the 3 major dimensions of Eysenck theories? | Extraversion, Neuroticism and Psychoticism |
| Match 1. Extraversion 2. Neuroticism 3.Psychoticism A. refers to degree to which reality is distorted B.Relates to degree of sociability C.Encompasses emotional stability | A-3 B-1 C-2 |
| What is the current most influential trait approach? | "Big Five" which contends that five traits or factors lie at the core of personality |
| What are the five trait factors of the Big Five? | Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism |
| Learning approaches to personality focus on ____? | The "outer" person. -learned responses to the external environment Internal events such as thoughts, feelings and motivations are ignored |
| Who is the most influential learning theorist? | B.F. Skinner |
| What is B.F. Skinner's primary theory? | Personality is a collection of learned behavior patterns |
| What is Skinner interested in -in relation to behavior? | ways of modifying behavior-humans are infinitely changeable through the process of learning new behavior patterns |
| Who is Albert Bandura and what is his approach to behavior? | theorist that is not a strict learning theorist but adapted view of social cognitive approach -people can foresee possible outcomes of behaviors without doing them |
| What is observational learning? | viewing the actions of others and abserving the consequences |
| How do we develop self-efficacy? | by paying close attention to our prior successes and failures |
| What is relationship harmony? | a sense of success in forming close bonds with other people (More important to self esteem in Asian cultures) |
| What is a deterministic view of human behavior? | maintaining that behavior is shaped primarily by forces beyond the control of the individual |
| psychoanalytic | personality is determined by the unconscious forces |
| trait approaches | personality in part as a mixture of genetically determined traits |
| learning theory | reliance of deterministic principles deemphasizes the ability of people to pilot their own course through life |
| What does Roy Baumeister and his colleagues believe about self esteem? | unjustified high self esteem can be psychologically damaging to the person who experiences it and can lead to undesirable outcomes. |
| Who is Auke Tellegen? | personality psychologist who studies twins and examines personality traits of pairs of twins raised apart from each other, but are genetically identical. |
| temperament | innate disposition |
| results of Tellegen examinations | in major respects twins were similar in personality...some traits affected by heredity |
| Who is Carl Rogers? | Major proponent/supporter of humanistic point of view who maintains that all humans have a need for self-actualization in which they realize their fullest potential. |
| Who is Abraham Maslow | Humanistic theorist agrees with Carl Rogers |
| What are self-concepts? | the set of beliefs they hold about what they are like as individuals |
| What is unconditional positive regard? | Refers to an attitude of acceptance and respect on the part of an observer, no matter what a person says or does |
| What are humanistic approaches criticized for? | Making an assumption that people are basically "good" and for using nonscientific values to build supposedly scientific theories |
| Psychodynamic approach | Freud, Jung, Horney, Adler |
| Trait approach | Allport, Cattell, Eysenck |
| Learning approach | Skinner, Bandura |
| Biological and Evolutionary Approach | Tellegen |
| Humanistic Approach | Rogers, Maslow |
Created by:
durr5
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