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Sims review
Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, Pneumothorax, Guillian-Barre, Myasthenia Gravis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the primary structure that undergoes change in Chronic Bronchitis? | The conducting airways |
| In Chronic Bronchitis the ______ _____ are enlarged | bronchial glands |
| What bacteria is found in the tracheobronchial tree of patients with chronic bronchitis? | H-Influenza and Streptococcus |
| In a PFT, a patient will show a (increase/decrease) in Expiratory Reserve Volume? | Decreased ERV |
| What is the trade name of the sympathomimetic agent albuterol? | Proventil and Ventolin |
| What is the trade name of the parasympatholytic agent ipratropium bromide? | Atrovent |
| What is produced by bronchspasms, a cardinal finding of bronchial asthma and usually heard as high-pitched sounds? | Wheezing |
| Which abnormal breathing pattern is associated with diabetic acidosis? | Kussmal's respiration |
| What 4 things are associated with digital clubbing? | Chronic infection,local hypoxia, vasodilators and arterial hypoxia |
| Which muscles inserts into the xiphoid process and into the 5th, 6th and 7th ribs? | Rectus abdominis muscle |
| Which muscles originate from the clavicle? | Sternocleidomastoid and Pectoralis major |
| Which of the following would a dull percussion note be heard? Pleural Effusion, Atelectasis, Consolidation or Pneumothorax | Pleural Effusion, Atelectasis, & Consolidation |
| What 3 things are associated with stridor? | High pitched sound, Obstruction in the trachea and Glotic edema |
| Signs of inadequate oxygenation (3)? intercostal retractions, increased energy, combativeness or cyanosis | Intercostal retractions, combativeness and cyanosis |
| Which pulse would a RT palpate on a patient during a code? | Carotid |
| Diminished breath sounds can be heard in which of the following disease process? COPD, Pleural effusion,Guillian-Barre, or CHF | COPD, Pleural effusion and Guillian-Barre |
| What is another name for Acute Alveolar Hyperventilation | Respiratory Alkalosis |
| Another name for Acute Ventilatory Failure | Respiratory acidosis |
| 4 respiratory diseases associated with chronic ventilatory failure | Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis |
| Common causes of metabolic acidosis | lactic acidosis (exercise)ketoacidosis (diabetes)renal failuredehydrationchronic diarrhea |
| Common causes of metabolic alkalosis | Hypokalemiahypochloremiagastric suctioningvomitinguse of steroid medexcess sodium bicarb |
| What is a hazard of oxygen therapy in a patient wih chronic ventilatory failure | suppress their hypoxic drive |
| During acute alveolar hypoventilation, the blood what happens to the blood? | pH decreases, paCO2 increases, HCO3 remains the same |
| Metabolic alkalosis can develop from which of the following: hypercholremia, hypokalemia, hypocloremia or hyperkalemia? | Hypokalemia and Hypochloremia |
| What ABG values would decrease in a diabetic ketoacidosis patient? | pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 |
| On an X-ray, consolidation or opacity is caused by _______ | Pneumonia |
| On an x-ray, honeycombing is caused by ____ | Pulmonary Fibrosis |
| On an x-ray, Infiltrates are caused by ____ | ARDS |
| on an x-ray, the term dense means ___ | white, as in fluid or tumors |
| On an x-ray, the term opaque means ____ | White |
| on an x-ray, the term translucent means ___ | dark areas |
| Define Bronchiectasis | A change in airway, can occur alone or with other diseases, frequently found in lower lobes |
| What happens to secretions in the airways | they get stuck in pockets which lead to infections, airways are cut off by secretion build-up |
| Describe secretions in bronchiectasis | Copious amounts of foul smelling secretions |
| Bronchiectasis can lead to... | Hyperinflation of the distal alveoli, Atelectasis (due to mucus plug), consolidation (airless or gassless due to fluid in aleoli), and parenchymal fibrosis |
| What are the 3 forms of bronchiectasis? | Varicose (fusiform), cylindrical (tubular) and saccular (cystic, which cause the greatest damage) |
| An x-ray of bronchiectasis would show... | Translucent (dark), depressed diaphragms, long and narrow heart, enlarged heart |
| what is the hallmark of bronchiectasis | chronic cough and copious foul smelling secretions |
| Bronchiectasis culture of sputum will show | sputum may separate into layers and will show h-influenza, strep, pseudomonas |
| a congenital cause of 50% of all bronchiectasis | Cystic Fibrosis |
| CF is caused by | mutation on chromosome 7 |
| Genetic mutation of chromosome 7 causes | abnormal electrolyte and H2O movement, Increased secretions |
| How do you diagnose CF | Sweat test |
Created by:
celina1382
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