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Pharm Terms ch4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetics | study of drug movement throughout the body |
| Absorption | movement of a substance from its site of administration across body membranes |
| Dissolution | rate that determines how quickly the drug disintegrates and disperses into simpler forms |
| Distribution | transport of drugs throughout the body |
| Affinity | attraction, for certain meds; bone marrow, teeth, eyes, and fat tissue have a high attraction. |
| Drug-protein complexes | too large to cross capillary membranes and not available for distribution to body tissues |
| Blood-brain barrier | prevents chemicals and meds from entering brain |
| Fecal-placental barrier | prevents chemicals and meds from entering the placenta |
| Metabolism | also called biotransformation, process of chemically converting a drug to a form that is more easily removed from the body |
| Conjugates | side chains during metabolism, makes drugs more water soluble and more easily excreted by the kidneys |
| Hepatic microsomal enzyme system | metabolism in the liver is accomplished by this |
| Enzyme induction | ability to increase metabolic activity in the liver |
| Pharmacogenomics | the study of genetic variations that influence an individual's response to drug therapy |
| First-pass effect | important mechanism since a large # of drugs are rendered inactive by hepatic metabolic reactions (sublingual, rectal, parenteral bypass it) |
| Prodrugs | have no pharmacologic activity unless they are first metabolized to their active form by the body |
| Excretion | drugs removed from body by this process |
| Enterohepatic recirculation | bile circulated back to the liver by this |
| Minimum effective concentration | amt of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect |
| Toxic concentration | level of drug that will result in serious adverse effects |
| Therapeutic range | plasma drug concentration between the minimum effective concentration and the toxic concentration |
| Onset of drug action | the amt of time it takes to produce a therapeutic effect after drug administration |
| Peak plasma level | occurs when the medication has reached its highest concentration in the bloodstream |
| Duration of drug action | amt of time a drug maintains its therapeutic effect |
| Plasma half-life | length of time required for the plasma concentration of a medication to decrease by one-half |
| Loading dose | higher amt of drug, often given only once or twice to "prime" the bloodstream with a sufficient level of drug |
| Maintenance doses | given to keep the plasma drug concentration in the therapeutic range |
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