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Ch2: Biological
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference between a neuron and a nerve? | he Neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system. It is made of distinct parts. A nerve is a collection of neurons, more specifically a collection of axons |
| Inhibatory v. Excitatory | c. Inhibitory: Neurotransmitter causes the cell to stop firing. Ex. GABA, Endorphines d. Excitatory: Neurotransmitter that causes the cell to fire. Ex. Glutamate |
| Agonist v. Antagonist | Agonist: Agonists increase the functioning of a neurotransmitter or chemical. Ex. Cocaine. Antagonist: blocks the activity of neurotransmitters. Ex. Antianxiety, valium |
| Name some effects of testosterone. | competition, sexual motivation, violence (in young boys, animals, and criminals), spactial navigation, muscle mass. |
| What is the charge of action potential? Resting potential? Threshold? | Action: positive Resting: -70 millivolts Threshold: -55 millivolts |
| What is reuptake? An SSRI? | Reuptake is when the neuron sucks the chemicals back in. An SSRI is a reuptake inhibitor. Keeps the serotonin from going back into the neuron so that the body can believe it has more serotonin than it really does |
| Location of the Parietal lobe? | Top rear of the brain |
| Location of the frontal lobe? | Front of the brain |
| Location of the occipital lobe? | Back of the brain |
| Location of the temporal lobe? | In front of the ears |
| What does the Pareital lobe affect? | Processes previous memories. Spatial recognition. Attention. Daydreaming/execution of plans. Spacial location – maps. |
| What does the frontal lobe affect? Case Study example? | Fibers to inhibit emotions, desires etc. Planning. Emotion. Language understanding and production. Memory search/working memory This is what makes us human. Ex. Phineas Gage |
| What does the occipital lobe affect? | Sees what the eyes see first. Visual processing. You see stars when you get hit or when you shut your eyes and see red and stuff your brain is trying to make sense of what you see and they are blood vessels probably. Concussions. |
| What does the temporal lobe affect? Case Study example? | Sound processing. Enters new information in memory. Stores visual memories. Makes sense of what you see. Ex. HM |
| Explain prosopagnosia, give an example, and say which part of the brain it is in. | a neurological disorder where the person cannot recognize faces (known as face blindness or facial agnosia). Ex. The man who thought his wife was a hat. Problem located in the temporal lobe |
| What is a meninges? | Layers that protect the brainP |
| Parasympathetic division v. Sympathetic division | Parasympathetic division: calms you down Sympathetic division: emergency preparedness, fight-or-flight, increases arousal and anxiety |
| Automatic v. Somatic systems | d. Automatic system: controls involuntary muscles like the heart and stomach. Divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic. e. Somatic system: controls voluntary mustles. Muscles you can choose to control |
| Function of the Thalamus? | Involved with hearing, sight, touch, or taste. Master switch. |
| Function of the amygdala? | involved in fear responses. Influences motivation, emotional control, and interpretations of nonverbal emotional expressions. Mammals w/ parental love. |
| Function of the hypothalamus? | body temperature, thirst, hunger, sleeping and waking, sexual activity and your period, hormone regulation, and emotions. This is one of the primary areas of the brain that we find sex differences. |
| Function of the hippocampus? | memory and remembering |
| Function of the basal ganglia? | overlearned behaviors, but more than habit formations, motivation. Ex. walking, you just do, you don't have to think about it. |
| Function of the medulla? | breathing, heartrate, cough, gag, vomit, swallow. If this is damaged, you die because you can't breathe. |
| Function of the cerebellum? | controls all involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement. Posture, balance, walking, etc. Keeps track of where you are. If you get drunk, you can’t walk in a straight line or touch your nose because the cerebellum is affected. |
| Function of the pituitary gland? | aka master gland: In the brain, secrets the growth hormone and influences all other hormone-secreting glands. |
| Function of the cingulate cortex? | Emotional and cognitive processing (primary part of the limbic system [involved in emotion, motivation, and learning]) |
| Function of the reticular formation? | Attention, alertness, arousal |
| Function of the corpus callosum? | transfers information, and compunicates between the two hemispheres of the brain |
| Function of the broca's area? | Allows us to speak smoothly and fluently. |
| What is broca's aphaisia? | Aphasia is when you leave words out completely or pronounce things wrong |
| Function of the wernicks area? | Understanding and meaning of words. |
| What is wernicks aphaisia? | Aphasia is when you speak fluently but say completely wrong words. |
| What are glial cells? | make up the mylen sheeth. |
| What are some functions of the glial cells? | fill the gap between the neurons, the skeleton, supports and feeds neurons, cleans waste, involved in the perception of pain, prods neurons to form new synapses, alters how much neurotransmitter is released and removed. Help repair. |
Created by:
sara_hillyer
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