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doug-alh122-10n15

Doug, ALH122, Chapters 10 and 15

QuestionAnswer
Reflex Involuntary muscle reaction that is controlled by the spinal cord
Axon Part of the neuron that is a single, elongated branch. It is at the opposite end from the dendrites. Conducts electrical impulse and releases neurotransmitters into the synapse. Covered by an insulating layer of myelin.
Neuron An individual nerve cell. The functional part of the nervous system
Rods Light sensitive cells in the retina. They detect black and white in daytime and nighttime vision
Cerebrum Largest and most visible part of the brain. Its surface contains gyri nad sulci and it is divided into 2 hemispheres.
Gray Matter Areas of gray tissue in the brain and spinal cord that are composed of cell bodies and dendrites.
Vitreous Humor Clear, gel like substance that fills the posterior cavity of the eye.
Afferent Nerves Nerves that carry sensory nerve impulses to the brain or to the spinal cord from the body.
Mydriasis Relaxation of the iris muscle to increase the size of the pupil and increase the amount of light entering the eye.
Optic Nerve Cranial nerve II. Sensory nerve that carries nerve impulses of visual images from the rods and cones of the retina to the visual cortex in the brain.
Aqueous Humor Clear, watery fluid produced by the ciliary body. Circulates through the posterior and anterior chambers and takes nutrients and o2 to the cornea and lens.
Iris Colored ring of tissue whose muscles contract or relax to change the size of the pupil in its center.
Miosis Contraction of the iris muscle to decrease the size of the pupil and limit the amount of light entering the eye.
Cones Light sensitive cells in the retina that detect colored light. There are 3 types, each of which responds to either red, green of blue light.
Lens Clear hard disk in the internal eye. The muscles of the ciliary body change the lens shape to focus light rays on the retina.
Sclera White, tough, fibrous connective tissue that forms the outer layer around most of the eye. AKA the white of the eye.
Neuro Transmitter Chemical messenger that travels across the synapse between neurons.
Parasympathetic nervous system Uses the neurotransmitter norepinephrine and carries nerve impulses to the heart, involuntary smooth muscles, and glands while the body is at rest.
Hypothalamus Area in the center of the brain. Below the thalamus. Coordinates the activities of the pons and medulla oblongata. Controls heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature, sensations of hunger and thirst, and the circadian rhythm.
Sympathetic Nervous System Uses neurotransmitter epinephrine and carries nerve impulses to the heart, involuntary muscles, and glands during times of increased activity, danger or stress.
Created by: dugwhite2
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