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Schools of Theory

Basic schools of thought in management theory

School and YearDevelopers; Pros; Cons
Quantitative Management (1940s-PD) Contemporary; WW2 Military; Pros: applied mathematic techniques; Cons: does not account for human behaviour
Organisational Behaviour (1950s-PD) Contemporary; McGregor, Likert; Pros: encouraged employee effectiveness, explored human organisational processes; Cons: ignored situational factors
Systems Theory (1950s-PD) Contemporary; Bernard, Katz, Khan; Pros: org. seen as an open system, synergies exist, multiple solutions to any given problem; Cons: no definition to manager’s functions or duties
Contingency Theory (1960s-PD) Contemporary; Burns and Stalker and Lawrence and Lorsch; Pros: managerial action depends on contingencies; Cons: cannot identify all contingencies, there are other managerial duties
Total Quality Management (1970s-PD) Contemporary; Deming and Juran; Pros: quality achieves competitive advantage, do things right the first time; Cons: ignores structure and strategy
Organisational Culture (1980s-PD) Contemporary; Peters and Waterman, Ouchi, Deal and Kennedy, and Pascale and Athos; Pro: importance of orgs. culture in orgs. success; Cons: unscientific, discredited studies
Scientific Management (1898-PD) Classical; Taylor, Gantt, and the Gilbreths; Pros: applied scientific principles; Cons: simple view of motivation, ignored role of external environment
Bureaucracy (1920s-PD) Classical; Weber; Pros: structure emphasising efficiency and stability; Cons: ignored human element and external environment
Human Relations (1927-PD) Classical; Mayo, Roethlisberger and Maslow; Pros: importance of social an psychological factors in influencing performance; Cons: ignored role of formal work group and worker rationality
Administrative Management (1916-PD) Classical; Fayol, Follet, Bernard, and Urwick; Pros: universal principles of management for senior executives; Cons: ignored external environment
Created by: lizacobbler
Popular Management sets

 

 



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