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Question | Answer |
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Nucleus | The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. |
Mitochondria | An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae). |
Golgi apparatus (body) | A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. |
Ribosomes | A minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins. |
Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth) ER | A network of membranous tubules withing the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. |
Lysosome | An organeel in the cytoplasm of eukarotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane. |
Vacuole | A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. |
Cell membrane | The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. |
Cytoplasm | The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
Cell wall | A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. |
Chloroplast | (In green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
Flagella | A slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim. |
Cilia | A short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Cilia occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the currounding fluid, or, in some protozoand and other small organisms, providing propulsion. |
Centrioles | A minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occuring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division. |