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doug-alh122-chapter
Doug, ALH122, Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many pints of blood continuously circulate in the average adult? | 10 to 12 |
| What does blood transport to the body cells? | Oygen from the lungs |
| What are the 6 things that blood transports? | 1.O2 from lungs to body cells,2.CO2 from body cells to the lungs,3.Nutrients from digestive system to cells,4.Cellular waste from cells to organs of excretion,5.Hormones from endocrine glands to body organs,6.Minerals necessary for homeostasis of body. |
| What are the 2 substances blood is composed of? | Plasma and blood cells |
| Define Plasma | Clear, straw-colored liquid that makes up 55% of the total blood volume. |
| What does plasma consist of? | Water and other substances (electrolytes, vitamins, hormones, enzymes, nutrients (glucose, fatty acids and amino acids), gasses (o2 and co2), metabolic waste and fibrinogen/prothrombin (clotting proteins)) |
| What is the ration in plasma between water and other substances? | 90% water, 10% other substances |
| What is the average life span of a blood cell? | 120 days |
| What are the 3 main type of blood cells? | Erythrocytes (erythr/o- meaning red, and -cytes meaning cell), Leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets) |
| Where are red blood cells produced? | In bone marrow |
| Which of the 3 main type of blood cells carry hemoglobin? | Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) |
| Does hemoglobin contain iron? | Yes |
| What gives blood its red color? | Hemoglobin (specifically the iron) |
| What are the 2 main items that hemoglobin carries? | Oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Which are larger, Erythrocytes (red blood cells) or Leukocytes (white blood cells)? | Leukocytes (white blood cells) |
| What is the main function of Leukocytes? | To fight infection |
| What are the 2 main types of leukocytes? | Granulocytes and Agranulocytes |
| What are the 3 items that make up the Granulocytes? | Neutrophils, Eosinophils and Basophils |
| What is Neutrophils responsible for? | Responsible for the phagocytosis of bacteria |
| What does Eosinophils do? | Consume toxic substances in the tissue (i.e. pollen and foreign matter) |
| What are Basophils responsible for? | Phagosytosis of bacterisa and the release of histamine and heparin. |
| What 2 items make up Agranulocytes? | Lymphocytes and Monocytes. |
| Where are lymphocyes produced and what do they produce? | They are produced in the lymph tissue and produce antibodies. |
| Where are Monocytes formed, and what do the assist with? | They are formed in the bone marrow and assist with phagocytosis. |
| What is the common name for Erythrocytes? | Red Blood Cells |
| What is the common name for Leukocytes? | White Blood Cells |
| What is the common name for Thrombocytes? | Platelets |
| Out of the 3 main type of blood cells, which are the smallest? | Thrombocytes (platelets) |
| Are thrombocytes a complete cell? | No, just a cell fragement |
| What is the main item included in thrombocytes? | Thromobplastin |
| What is the purpose of thromobplastin? | Triggers the clotting process |
| What are the 4 main types of blood? | A, B, AB, O |
| What determines the type of blood you have? | The presence of a protein factor called an antigen. |
| Where is antigen found? | On the surface of the red blood cell |
| What type of antigen does blood type A have? | A antigen |
| What type of antigen does blood type B have? | B antigen |
| What type of antigen does blood type AB have? | Both the A and B antigen |
| What type of antigen does blood type O have? | Neither the A nor the B antigen |
| With type A blood, what type of blood can they receive? | A or O |
| With type A blood, What blood types can they donate to? | A or AB |
| With type B blood, what blood types can they receive? | B or O |
| With type B blood, what blood types can they donate to? | B or AB |
| With type AB blood, what blood types can they receive? | Universal |
| With type AB blood, what blood types can the donate to? | Only AB |
| With type O blood, what blood types can they receive? | O |
| With type O blood, what blood types can they donate to? | Universal |
| What is another factor in blood that could determine which blood you receive? | RH factor |
| What determines the RH factor? | If the red cell has the Rh factor it is Rh+, if it does not it is RH- |
| What could be the complications if an Rh- person receives Rh+ blood? | Within 2 weeks the individual will produce antibodies in response to this invasion of a foreign substance. Usually no problem unless the Rh- person is given a 2nd transfusion of Rh+ blood, then serious complications could occur. |
| What would happen if an Rh- female becomes pregnant with an Rh+ baby? | A few positive cells may enter the mothers blood during delivery and cause the production of antibodies in the mothers blood. The first born will not be effected |
| What happens for subsequent pregnancies after the first, when an Rh- female becomes pregnant with an Rh+ baby? | The mothers antibodies developed during the first pregnancy may slowly filter into the fetal circulation and destroy the Rh+ cells, making the newborn profoundly anemic, jaundiced and possibly dead. |
| For the clotting process, what rushes to the cut? | Platelets, they pile up and form a small mass. |
| What 2 things are released once the platelets attach to the cut? | Serotonin and thromboplastin |
| What does serotonin do at the location of a cut? | Cause the vessel to constrict |
| What does thromboplastin do at the site of the cut? | Triggers the clotting process to begin |
| What in the plasma does thromboplastin turn into thrombin? | Prothrombin |
| What results when thrombin and fibrinogen acts together? | Fibrin |
| What is the result of fibrin? | Tiny threads which form a network of fine mesh fibers over the cut, resulting in a scab. |
| What is Serum? | Plasma with clotting proteins (prothrombin and fibrinogen) removed. |
| What is hematopoiesis? | Process by which blood cells are formed in red marrow of the bones |
| What is a Pathogen? | A disease causing organism |
| What does bleeding time mean? | The length of time required for blood to clot from a puncture wound. |
| What does thrombus mean? | Blood Clot |
| What does cyotoxic mean? | Poisonous to cells |
| What does immunity mean? | State of resistance to a disease that can be natural, acquired or artificial in nature? |
| What 5 things is the Lymphatic system composed of? | 1. Lymph (lymphatic fluid), 2. Lymph nodes, 3. Lymph Vessels, 4. Spleen (lymphatic tissue that produces lymphocytes) and 5. Tonsils, thymus gland, and intestinal lymph tissue. |
| What color is Lymph | Straw colored |
| The Lymph functions as a bridge between? | Body cells and capilaries |
| If the heart is the pump for the circulatory system, what is the pump for the lymphatic system? | There is none |
| What is the main function of the lymph nodes? | To purify the lymph by removing harmful substances |
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