Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Antiarrythmics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cardiac action potential | initiated in SA node-atria depolarizes-AV node slows down the potential so the ventricle can fill-His Purkinje system-races down to apex of heart then comes back up through ventricles (contract bottom up) |
| what happens in depolarization? | sodium influx chemically and electrically from high to low concentration, inside of cell is negative and Na is positive |
| Phase of depolarization in fast ap? | phase 0 |
| What happens in phase 1 of fast ap? | Ca comes into cell when potential reaches +55mV |
| What happens in phase 2 of fast ap? | |
| What happens in phase 3 of fast ap? | |
| What happens in phase 4 of fast ap? | Diastole; heart is filling |
| Na/K ATPase function and phase? | |
| Drugs that block fast sodium channels? | local anesthetics; too much will decrease conduction velocity (slope of phase 0) so much they will stop the heart |
| Drugs that block potassium channels? | |
| Slope of phase 0 is directly proportional to... | conduction velocity....affected by Na channel blockers; otherwise known as speed of depolarization |
| Effects of blocking K channels | increase duration of action potential; slows down heart rate; increases refractory period; takes longer to get potassium out and get back to phase 4 |
| Where is the slow potential? | SA and AV nodes |
| What phase does slow potential not have? | Phase 1 |
| What happens in phase 0 of slow ap? | |
| What happens in phase 2 of slow ap? | |
| What happens in phase 3 of slow ap? | |
| What happens in phase 4 of slow ap? | |
| What happens in phase 0 of fast ap? | |
| What happens if you block calcium channels? | |
| What affect do b1 receptors have on action potential? | |
| PR interval | Time to go from SA to AV; mostly AV time |
| QRS interval | Tells us conduction velocity through ventricles; tells his purk or vent conduction problem |
| QT interval | Ventricular repolarization; prolonged tells us there is a potassium uptake or blocking issue |
| Torsades | |
| Wide QRS = | slow ventricular conduction and slowed fast action potential |
| Prolonged PR from which drugs? | |
| Adverse affect of local anesthetic | widened QRS |
| Ectopic pacemakers | Pacemaker that starts up anywhere in the heart other than the SA node |
| Name arrythmias based on... | speed, location, |
| Class 1A action and drugs | moderate affect phase 0; quinidine, procainamide |
| Class 1B action and drugs | No change to phase 0; lidocaine |
| Class 1C action and drugs | Marked phase 0 change; |
| Class II action and drugs | |
| Class III action and drugs | |
| Class IV action and drugs | |
| Frequency dependence = | |
| Explain the h gate | |
| Explain refractory period | |
| Quinidine | Class 1A local anesthetic |
| Procainamide | Class 1A local anesthetic, increase phase 0 and action potential duration; can produce torsades |
| Lidocaine | Class 1B; only for Vtachs and only IV |
| Mexiletine | Class 1B oral version of lidocaine |
| Flecainide | Class 1C; used for Vtachs in adults; kids SVTs and atrial tachs; increases QT and causes torsades |
| CAST trial | showed adverse affects from long term local anesthetic use |
| Affects of beta blockers on heart rhythm | decrease sinus tach; block junctional arrythmias in and around the AV node; protect the ventricle in an atrial tach by slowing conduction in AV node |
| Propranolol | |
| Atenolol | |
| Timolol | |
| Esmolol | |
| Drugs that slow AV conduction are... | additive in their affects |
| Amiodarone | Na, K, Ca, and B blocker; 3 1/2 month half life |
| Sotalol | K and B blocker |
| Dronedarone | Amiodarone with shorter half life; iodine removed so half life is 24 hours; contraindicated in heart failure; produces more torsades than amiodarone |
| Dofetilide | inward rectifying potassium channel blockers; truly cardioselective; only for atrial tachs; 6% torsades occurence; maintains SR |
| Ibutilide | Class III |
| Verapamil | |
| Diltiazem | |
| Adenosine | |
| Atropine | |
| Magnesium | |
| Digitalis | |
| what is a cardiac arrhythmia? | variation in the way the action potential is formed and/or the way the action potential is propagated across the heart |
| Which parts of the heart do not have a fast cardiac ap? | SA and AV nodes |
| 3 effects of local anesthetics (Na channel blockers) on fast cardiac action potential | decrease conduction velocity, increase refractory period, and increase threshold |
Created by:
kdurel
Popular Pharmacology sets