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Methods-31
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hindsight Bias | Tendency upon hearing about research findings, and thinking that they knew it all along |
| Applied Research | Research that has clear, practical applications |
| Basic Research | Explores questions that are of interest to psychologist but are not limited to have immediate, real-world applications |
| Hypothesis | A statement that expresses a relationship between two variables |
| Theory | Aims to explain some phenomenon and allows researchers to generate testable hypotheses |
| Operational Definition | An explanation of how variables are measured |
| Validity | Good research is both valid and reliable |
| Reliability | Research is reliable when it can be replicated; it is consistent |
| Sampling | The individuals on whom the research is conducted are called participants; the process by which participants are selected is |
| Population | The group from which a sample is selected |
| Random Selection | A method of selecting a sample from a population |
| Stratified Sampling | A process that allows a researcher to ensure that the sample represents the population on some criteria; such as age or race |
| Experiment | The only research method that can show a casual relationship |
| Confounding Variables | Any difference between the experimental and control conditions(such as time of day) |
| Assignment | The process by which participants are put into either an experimental or a control group |
| Experimenter Bias | The unconscious tendency for researchers to treat members of the experimental and control groups differently to increase the chance of confirming their hypothesis |
| Double Blind Procedure | Neither the participants nor the researcher are aware of who is in the experimental or control groups while the experiment is going on |
| Participant Bias | Tendency for subjects to behave in certain ways based on their perception of an experiment |
| Hawthorne Effect | Being selected to be in a group of people to participate in an experiment will affect the performance of that group |
| Correlational | A statistical measure of a relationship between two variables |
| Scatter Plot | A graph of correlated data |
| Survey Method | Involves asking people to fill out surveys |
| Naturalistic Observations | Research method that involves observing participants in their natural habitats without interacting with them |
| Case Study | A researcher method used to get a full, detailed picture of one participant or a small group of participants |
| APA Ethical Guidelines for Animal Research | established ethical guidelines for human and animal research |
| APA Ethical Guidelines for Human Research | Any type of academic research must first propose the study to the ethics board or institution review board |
| Statistical Significance | Scientist have decided that 5 percent is the cutoff for statistically significant results; there is less than a 5 percent chance that the results occurred by chance |
| Inferential Statistics | Statistics that can determine whether or not findings can be applied to the larger population |
Created by:
IPatterson18
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