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Physical Science U1
newtons first law, inertia, and motion
Term | Definition |
---|---|
distance | how far you have traveled between two positions. It's always positive. It's a scalar quantity |
Displacement | change in position. It's the straight line distance between your starting position and ending position. It's equal to final position minus initial position. It can be positive or negative. It's a vector quantity |
Scalar | quantity that requires magnitude (how big) |
Vector | quantity that requires both magnitude (how big) and directions |
Speed | how fast something is moving. It's equal to distance divided by time. It's a scalar quantity |
Velocity | rate at which position changes. It's equal to displacement divided by time. It's a vector quantity. |
Newtons First Law | AKA the law of inertia. An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force |
Inertia | the resistance an object has to change in its motion |
mass | a measure of the amount of matter an object contains.Also, a measure of the amount of inertia an object has. |
force | any push or pull(interaction) that can cause a change in motion |
net force | the combination of all the forces of an object |
balanced force | when the net force in both the horizontal and vertical is 0N |
unbalanced force | when the net force in both the horizontal and vertical is not 0N |
Gravitational force | a non-contact force between two objects that's most apparent close to a large object, such as a planet, The direction of the force is generally towards the center of the other object |
Applied force | the support force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object. It's in the direction of the push or pull |
Normal force | a contact force that's exerted by a surface against an object that is pressing against the surface. It's perpendicular to the surface and present when atoms are being crunched. |
Tension force | contact force exerted by a taut string, rope, or wire on an object. It's along the rope and present whenever a rope is taught |
Friction force | force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an effort moves across it. It's parallel the the surface in the direction opposite of the motion or attempted motion |
Air Resistant | a special type of frictional force that acts upon objects as they travel through the air/fluid. It is in the opposite direction of the motion of the object. |
Spring | a special type of frictional force that acts upon objects as they travel through the air/fluid. It is in the opposite direction of the motion of the object. |
Thrust | A contact force that is exerted in the opposite direction of an exhaust gas being expelled. |