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Nutrition Key Terms
RTH 243, Chapter 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | The body's way of transferring energy from food to the the body's energy currency molecules. |
| Oxygen uptake | The amount of oxygen used by the tissues per minute. |
| Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) | Rate of oxygen consumption at rest. |
| Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE) | The measure obtained when a person is at absolute rest with no physical movement. |
| Catabolism | The destructive phase of metabolism that breaks complex structures into simple ones. |
| Anaerobic Threshold | The point during incremental exercise at which blood lactate and CO2 levels increase due to anaerobic metabolism occurring in the muscles. |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | One's weight in Kg divided by the square of one's height in cm; the primary method for assessment of the appropriateness of weight for a given height. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | The body's energy currency molecules |
| Direct Calorimetry | Measurement of metabolism by quantifying the total heat given off by the body when in an enclosed chamber. |
| Indirect Calorimetry | Measurement of the metabolic rate using inspired/expired gas analysis and computation of oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production. (VCO2) |
| Gluconeogenesis | Converting protein (amino acids) to sugar. |
| Carbohydrates | Organic compound containing the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| Protein | Large molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; formed when long chain of peptides reaches about 100 amino acids or more in length. |
| Fat | (Lipids) provide 9Kals/g composed of triglycerides and fatty acids (called fats) |
| Vitamins | A group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism. |
| Glycolysis | Process of converting glucose into pyruvic acid. |
| Lacid Acid | The product of anaerobic metabolism. |
| Oncotic Pressure | The pressure in the vascular space by the presence of large protein molecules that draws fluid from outside the vessels into the vasculature. |
| Parenteral Nutrition (PN) | Feeding a patient intravenously, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. |
| Enteral Nutrition (EN) | Provision of nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract when the patient is unable to chew or swallow. |
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