click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Earthquakes
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Earthquake | Vibrations in the earth caused by the sudden release of energy usually as a result of the movement of rocks along a fault |
Crust | The earths outer layer |
Fault | A fracture in bed rock |
Mantle | The part of the earth between the crust and the core. |
lithosphere | The rigid outer part of the earth consisting the of the crust and up mantle. |
Seismologist | someone who studies earthquakes and seismic waves. |
Convergent | When two plates collide(crash) into each other. |
Divergent | When two plates move away from each other |
Transform | When two plates slide past each other |
Subduction | At the sides of the convection current |
Convection | |
P-wave | Causes buildings to contract and expand |
S-wave | Shakes building from side to side |
Surface wave | Shakes building violently |
Focus | The point beneath earths surface at which rock under stress breaks and triggers and earthquake |
epicenter | The point on the surface directly above the point at which and earthquake occurs |
Mercalli scale | rates the earthquake using steps 1-12 |
Ricter scale | measures magnitude |
Moment magnitude scale | Estimates the total energy |
Magnitude | energy from an earthquake |
Liquefaction | occurs when an earthquakes violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud |
aftershock | an earthquake that occurs after a large earthquake centered in the same area |
Seismology | Study of earthquakes |
Seismograph | A machine used to measure earthquakes |
Compression | The type of stress that pushes rock together |
Tension | The type a stress that stretches the rock |
Plateau | a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level |
Shearing | The type of stress that pushes rock in 2 different directions |
Normal Fault | The hanging wall slips downward below the foot wall |
Reverse fault | The hanging wall slides up and over the foot wall |