click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Earthquakes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earthquake | Vibrations in the earth caused by the sudden release of energy usually as a result of the movement of rocks along a fault |
| Crust | The earths outer layer |
| Fault | A fracture in bed rock |
| Mantle | The part of the earth between the crust and the core. |
| lithosphere | The rigid outer part of the earth consisting the of the crust and up mantle. |
| Seismologist | someone who studies earthquakes and seismic waves. |
| Convergent | When two plates collide(crash) into each other. |
| Divergent | When two plates move away from each other |
| Transform | When two plates slide past each other |
| Subduction | At the sides of the convection current |
| Convection | |
| P-wave | Causes buildings to contract and expand |
| S-wave | Shakes building from side to side |
| Surface wave | Shakes building violently |
| Focus | The point beneath earths surface at which rock under stress breaks and triggers and earthquake |
| epicenter | The point on the surface directly above the point at which and earthquake occurs |
| Mercalli scale | rates the earthquake using steps 1-12 |
| Ricter scale | measures magnitude |
| Moment magnitude scale | Estimates the total energy |
| Magnitude | energy from an earthquake |
| Liquefaction | occurs when an earthquakes violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud |
| aftershock | an earthquake that occurs after a large earthquake centered in the same area |
| Seismology | Study of earthquakes |
| Seismograph | A machine used to measure earthquakes |
| Compression | The type of stress that pushes rock together |
| Tension | The type a stress that stretches the rock |
| Plateau | a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level |
| Shearing | The type of stress that pushes rock in 2 different directions |
| Normal Fault | The hanging wall slips downward below the foot wall |
| Reverse fault | The hanging wall slides up and over the foot wall |